使用 Android Studio 进行测试 (二) UI 测试

摘要：编码为添加交互编写测试在包中新建测试类进行测试测试文件上点右键测试就可以了。稍后会看到手机自动运行，并按照测试代码中写的进行自动测试。

单元测试

UI 测试

原文链接： Unit and UI Testing in Android Studio

配置

编码

测试

2.1.1 IDE 配置
Build Variants => Test Artifact => Android Instrumentation Tests

2.1.2 build.gradle

apply plugin: "com.android.application"

android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.testing.testingexample"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        //ADD THIS LINE:
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro"
        }
    }

    //ADD THESE LINES:
    packagingOptions {
        exclude "LICENSE.txt"
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: "libs", include: ["*.jar"])
    compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.0.0" //← MAKE SURE IT’S 22.0.0
    testCompile "junit:junit:4.12"

    //ADD THESE LINES:
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:runner:0.2"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test:rules:0.2"
    androidTestCompile "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1"
}

重要：由于一些依赖版本冲突，你需要确认com.android.support:appcompat-v7库的版本号是22.0.0，像上面的代码片段一样。

2.2.1 为 app 添加交互

activity_main.xml

MainActivity.java

public void sayHello(View v){
    TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
    EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
    textView.setText("Hello, " + editText.getText().toString() + "!");
}

2.2.2 编写测试

在 androidTest 包中新建测试类
MainActivityInstrumentationTest.java

import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MainActivityInstrumentationTest {

    private static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED = "Peter";

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(
        MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void sayHello(){
        onView(withId(R.id.editText)).perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); //line 1

        onView(withText("Say hello!")).perform(click()); //line 2

        String expectedText = "Hello, " + STRING_TO_BE_TYPED + "!";
        onView(withId(R.id.textView)).check(matches(withText(expectedText))); //line 3
    }

}

测试文件上点右键 Run 测试就可以了。
稍后会看到手机自动运行 app，并按照测试代码中写的进行自动测试。