angularjs利用ui-route异步加载组件

摘要：异步加载各个组件就很有必要。在这里我就以为框架来进行异步加载说明。而为了将服务进行异步加载我们不能用普通的或者。而需要调用或者如果采用进行编译打包的话就需要的支持，这样可以对进行拆分打包，达到异步加载的目的。

ui-route相比于angularjs的原生视图路由更好地支持了路由嵌套，状态转移等等。随着视图不断增加，打包的js体积也会越来越大，比如我在应用里面用到了wangeditor里面多带带依赖的jquery就300多k。异步加载各个组件就很有必要。在这里我就以ui-route为框架来进行异步加载说明。

首先看一下路由加载文件

angular.module("webtrn-sns").config(["$stateProvider", function ($stateProvider) {
    $stateProvider.state({
            name: "home.message",
            url: "/message",
            abstract: true,
            templateProvider: ["resources", function (resources) {
                return resources.template
            }],
            controllerProvider: ["resources", (resources)=> {
                return resources.controller
            }],
            onEnter: ["resources", (resources)=>resources.css.use()],
            onExit: ["resources", (resources)=>resources.css.unuse()],
            resolve: {
                resources: ()=> {
                    return new Promise(
                        resolve => {
                            require([], () => {
                                resolve({
                                    css: require("./css/message_box.css"),
                                    template: require("./html/message_box.html"),
                                    controller: require("./js/message_box.js")
                                })
                            })
                        }
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    ).state({
            name: "home.message.add_message",
            url: "/add_message?isReply&toUid&title",
            params: {isReply: null, toUid: null, title: null},
            templateProvider: ["resources", function (resources) {
                return resources.template
            }],
            controllerProvider: ["resources", (resources)=> {
                return resources.controller
            }],
            onEnter: ["resources", (resources)=>resources.css.use()],
            onExit: ["resources", (resources)=>resources.css.unuse()],
            resolve: {
                resources: ()=> {
                    return new Promise(
                        resolve => {
                            require(["./js/message.js"], () => {
                                resolve({
                                    css: require("./css/add_message.css"),
                                    template: require("./html/add_message.html"),
                                    controller: require("./js/add_message.js")
                                })
                            })
                        }
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    )
}])

这个是路由状态的一个声明文件，name,url,param字段的方式不变，关键是看resolve这个部分。根据ui-route的resolve文档,resolve是为了给state或者controller进行自定义注入对象的。

下面是举出文档中关于resolve的例子：

$stateProvider.state("myState", {
      resolve:{

         // Example using function with simple return value.
         // Since it"s not a promise, it resolves immediately.
         simpleObj:  function(){
            return {value: "simple!"};
         },

         // Example using function with returned promise.
         // This is the typical use case of resolve.
         // You need to inject any services that you are
         // using, e.g. $http in this example
         promiseObj:  function($http){
            // $http returns a promise for the url data
            return $http({method: "GET", url: "/someUrl"});
         },

         // Another promise example. If you need to do some 
         // processing of the result, use .then, and your 
         // promise is chained in for free. This is another
         // typical use case of resolve.
         promiseObj2:  function($http){
            return $http({method: "GET", url: "/someUrl"})
               .then (function (data) {
                   return doSomeStuffFirst(data);
               });
         },        

         // Example using a service by name as string.
         // This would look for a "translations" service
         // within the module and return it.
         // Note: The service could return a promise and
         // it would work just like the example above
         translations: "translations",

         // Example showing injection of service into
         // resolve function. Service then returns a
         // promise. Tip: Inject $stateParams to get
         // access to url parameters.
         translations2: function(translations, $stateParams){
             // Assume that getLang is a service method
             // that uses $http to fetch some translations.
             // Also assume our url was "/:lang/home".
             return translations.getLang($stateParams.lang);
         },

         // Example showing returning of custom made promise
         greeting: function($q, $timeout){
             var deferred = $q.defer();
             $timeout(function() {
                 deferred.resolve("Hello!");
             }, 1000);
             return deferred.promise;
         }
      },

      // The controller waits for every one of the above items to be
      // completely resolved before instantiation. For example, the
      // controller will not instantiate until promiseObj"s promise has 
      // been resolved. Then those objects are injected into the controller
      // and available for use.  
      controller: function($scope, simpleObj, promiseObj, promiseObj2, translations, translations2, greeting){
          $scope.simple = simpleObj.value;

          // You can be sure that promiseObj is ready to use!
          $scope.items = promiseObj.data.items;
          $scope.items = promiseObj2.items;

          $scope.title = translations.getLang("english").title;
          $scope.title = translations2.title;

          $scope.greeting = greeting;
      }
   })

我们可以看到resolve的对象是支持Promise的。

再回到我们之前的代码templateProvider和controllerProvider我们注入了resources的模板对象和controller对象，onEnter和onExit注入了css模块。

如果controller中依赖了服务怎么办的？

resolve: {
    resources: ()=> {
        return new Promise(
            resolve => {
                require(["./js/message.js"], () => {
                    resolve({
                        css: require("./css/add_message.css"),
                        template: require("./html/add_message.html"),
                        controller: require("./js/add_message.js")
                    })
                })
            }
        );
    }
}

可以在require里面将服务注入，如代码中的message.js。而为了将服务进行异步加载我们不能用普通的.factory或者.service。而需要调用$provide.factory或者$provide.service

如果采用webpack进行编译打包的话就需要webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin的支持，这样可以对js进行拆分打包，达到异步加载js的目的。