摘要:写在前面是一个非常棒的运维工具,可以远程批量执行命令上传文件等自动化运维操作,由于要搞配置管理,初始化等批量操作,而自己对相对熟悉因此选择了。
写在前面:
ansible是一个非常棒的运维工具,可以远程批量执行命令、上传文件等自动化运维操作,由于要搞配置管理,初始化等批量操作,而自己对ansible相对熟悉,因此选择了ansible playbook。
不过在调用playbook api的过程中,发现原始api并不能满足我的需求,网络上多数文档还是1.0版本,因此下载了2.0源码查看,重写了部分类。因此这里总结学习,也给有相同需求的朋友参考
playbook字面意思看就是剧本,其实也很形象,ansible-playbook就是事先定义好很多task(任务)放在.yml文件中,执行的时候就像剧本一样,依次往下演(执行)
#/tmp/xx.yml --- - hosts: all #hosts中指定 tasks: - name: "ls /tmp" #- name:任务名称,下面是任务过程 shell: "ls /tmp/"
ansible-playbook执行:
二、ansible-playbook api介绍ansible-playbook api由ansible官方提供接口,用于在python代码中更灵活的使用,但官方只提供了ansible-api的参考文档,且2.0以后变化较大,api编写更复杂,但更为灵活
官方参考: http://docs.ansible.com/ansib...
一个基本的ansible-playbook api调用
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 描述: # V1 WZJ 2016-12-20 from collections import namedtuple from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader from ansible.vars import VariableManager from ansible.inventory import Inventory from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor # 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密 loader = DataLoader() # 管理变量的类,包括主机,组,扩展等变量,之前版本是在 inventory中的 variable_manager = VariableManager() # 根据inventory加载对应变量,此处host_list参数可以有两种格式: # 1: hosts文件(需要), # 2: 可以是IP列表,此处使用IP列表 inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager,host_list=["172.16.1.121"]) variable_manager.set_inventory(inventory) # 设置密码,需要是dict类型 passwords=dict(conn_pass="your password") # 初始化需要的对象 Options = namedtuple("Options", ["connection", "remote_user", "ask_sudo_pass", "verbosity", "ack_pass", "module_path", "forks", "become", "become_method", "become_user", "check", "listhosts", "listtasks", "listtags", "syntax", "sudo_user", "sudo"]) # 初始化需要的对象 options = Options(connection="smart", remote_user="root", ack_pass=None, sudo_user="root", forks=5, sudo="yes", ask_sudo_pass=False, verbosity=5, module_path=None, become=True, become_method="sudo", become_user="root", check=None, listhosts=None, listtasks=None, listtags=None, syntax=None) # playbooks就填写yml文件即可,可以有多个,以列表形式 playbook = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=["/tmp/xx.yml"],inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader,options=options,passwords=passwords) # 开始执行 playbook.run()
执行上面脚本:
可以发现,这个api调用执行虽然成功了,但是并没有什么详细输出(这个跟一个名叫CallbackBase的类有关)
重写palybook api1 为什么重写?
在实际应用中,有许多地方是不太满足需求的
1.比如inventory有host group(主机组)的概念,但是默认都放在all组里面去了,导致在编写yml的时候,无法对不同IP组进行不同的操作
2.console输出结果有时候需要自定义
3.调用api需要更为灵活
当然除了以上需求外,还有一些其它意义,比如阅读源码有助于熟悉ansible的工作方式,也提升自己的脚本能力
注意:所谓重写只是在源码的基础上继承并修改了部分代码,有可能导致ansible不稳定的情况,另外只有在有中文注释的地方才是重写内容
2 ansible源码文件简单介绍
源码下载地址:https://github.com/ansible/an...
其实ansible我们所用到的源码都在lib里面,而需要关注的也主要是三个文件夹和一些类:
用于解析和聚合host,group等环境变量: lib/ansible/inventory/__init__.py 中 Inventory 类
用于console输出: lib/ansible/plugins/callback/default.py 中 CallbackModule 类
用于playbook的解析工作: lib/executor/playbook_executor.py 中 PlaybookExecutor 类
playbook底层用到的任务队列:lib/executor/task_queue_manager.py 中 TaskQueueManager 类
几个重写的类的树状图:
1.修改可以为IP传入group name
2.额外的自定义参数,如:{"test":1000}
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 描述: # V1 WZJ 2016-12-20 Inventory重写封装api基本功能 import fnmatch from ansible.compat.six import string_types, iteritems from ansible import constants as C from ansible.errors import AnsibleError from ansible.inventory.dir import InventoryDirectory, get_file_parser from ansible.inventory.group import Group from ansible.inventory.host import Host from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_text from ansible.parsing.utils.addresses import parse_address from ansible.plugins import vars_loader from ansible.utils.vars import combine_vars from ansible.utils.path import unfrackpath try: from __main__ import display except ImportError: from ansible.utils.display import Display display = Display() HOSTS_PATTERNS_CACHE = {} from ansible.inventory import Inventory class YunweiInventory(Inventory): """重写Inventory""" def __init__(self, loader, variable_manager, group_name, ext_vars=None,host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST): # the host file file, or script path, or list of hosts # if a list, inventory data will NOT be loaded # self.host_list = unfrackpath(host_list, follow=False) # 传入的hosts self.host_list = host_list # 传入的项目名也是组名 self.group_name = group_name # 传入的外部变量,格式为字典 self.ext_vars = ext_vars # caching to avoid repeated calculations, particularly with # external inventory scripts. self._vars_per_host = {} self._vars_per_group = {} self._hosts_cache = {} self._pattern_cache = {} self._group_dict_cache = {} self._vars_plugins = [] self._basedir = self.basedir() # Contains set of filenames under group_vars directories self._group_vars_files = self._find_group_vars_files(self._basedir) self._host_vars_files = self._find_host_vars_files(self._basedir) # to be set by calling set_playbook_basedir by playbook code self._playbook_basedir = None # the inventory object holds a list of groups self.groups = {} # a list of host(names) to contain current inquiries to self._restriction = None self._subset = None # clear the cache here, which is only useful if more than # one Inventory objects are created when using the API directly self.clear_pattern_cache() self.clear_group_dict_cache() self.parse_inventory(host_list) def parse_inventory(self, host_list): if isinstance(host_list, string_types): if "," in host_list: host_list = host_list.split(",") host_list = [ h for h in host_list if h and h.strip() ] self.parser = None # Always create the "all" and "ungrouped" groups, even if host_list is # empty: in this case we will subsequently an the implicit "localhost" to it. ungrouped = Group("ungrouped") all = Group("all") all.add_child_group(ungrouped) # 加一个本地IP local_group = Group("local") # 自定义组名 zdy_group_name = Group(self.group_name) self.groups = {self.group_name:zdy_group_name,"all":all,"ungrouped":ungrouped,"local":local_group} #self.groups = dict(all=all, ungrouped=ungrouped) if host_list is None: pass elif isinstance(host_list, list): # 默认添加一个本地IP (lhost, lport) = parse_address("127.0.0.1", allow_ranges=False) new_host = Host(lhost, lport) local_group.add_host(new_host) for h in host_list: try: (host, port) = parse_address(h, allow_ranges=False) except AnsibleError as e: display.vvv("Unable to parse address from hostname, leaving unchanged: %s" % to_text(e)) host = h port = None new_host = Host(host, port) if h in C.LOCALHOST: # set default localhost from inventory to avoid creating an implicit one. Last localhost defined "wins". if self.localhost is not None: display.warning("A duplicate localhost-like entry was found (%s). First found localhost was %s" % (h, self.localhost.name)) display.vvvv("Set default localhost to %s" % h) self.localhost = new_host # 为组添加host zdy_group_name.add_host(new_host) # 为主机组添加额外参数 # 添加外部变量 if self.ext_vars and isinstance(self.ext_vars,dict): for k,v in self.ext_vars.items(): zdy_group_name.set_variable(k,v) local_group.set_variable(k,v) elif self._loader.path_exists(host_list): # TODO: switch this to a plugin loader and a "condition" per plugin on which it should be tried, restoring "inventory pllugins" if self.is_directory(host_list): # Ensure basedir is inside the directory host_list = os.path.join(self.host_list, "") self.parser = InventoryDirectory(loader=self._loader, groups=self.groups, filename=host_list) else: self.parser = get_file_parser(host_list, self.groups, self._loader) vars_loader.add_directory(self._basedir, with_subdir=True) if not self.parser: # should never happen, but JIC raise AnsibleError("Unable to parse %s as an inventory source" % host_list) else: display.warning("Host file not found: %s" % to_text(host_list)) self._vars_plugins = [ x for x in vars_loader.all(self) ] # set group vars from group_vars/ files and vars plugins for g in self.groups: group = self.groups[g] group.vars = combine_vars(group.vars, self.get_group_variables(group.name)) self.get_group_vars(group) # get host vars from host_vars/ files and vars plugins for host in self.get_hosts(ignore_limits=True, ignore_restrictions=True): host.vars = combine_vars(host.vars, self.get_host_variables(host.name)) self.get_host_vars(host)二、collback重写,用于自定义输出
1.以callback.default.CallbackModule为基类继承
2.自定义了输出格式,正确输出情况,不需要的输出就忽略了,只留下几个有用的stdout
3.最后的输出结果:
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 描述: # V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 CallBack重写封装api基本功能,用于console输出 import json from ansible import constants as C from ansible.plugins.callback.default import CallbackModule try: from __main__ import display except ImportError: from ansible.utils.display import Display display = Display() class YunweiCallback(CallbackModule): """重写console输出日志""" # 重写2.0版本正确stdout def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result): if self._play.strategy == "free" and self._last_task_banner != result._task._uuid: self._print_task_banner(result._task) self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action) #delegated_vars = result._result.get("_ansible_delegated_vars", None) delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result._result) #delegated_vars = result._result #n_delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result) #print n_delegated_vars self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action) if result._task.action in ("include", "include_role"): return elif result._result.get("changed", False): if delegated_vars: # 自定义输出 zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars)) if zdy_msg: msg = "changed: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg) else: msg = "changed: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars) else: msg = "changed: [%s]" % result._host.get_name() color = C.COLOR_CHANGED # 判断是否是第一步 setup elif result._result.get("ansible_facts",False): msg = "ok: [ %s | %s ]" % (str(result._host),str(result._host.get_groups())) color = C.COLOR_OK else: if delegated_vars: # 自定义输出 zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars)) if zdy_msg: msg = "ok: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg) else: msg = "ok: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars) else: msg = "ok: [%s]" % result._host.get_name() color = C.COLOR_OK if result._task.loop and "results" in result._result: self._process_items(result) else: self._display.display(msg, color=color) self._handle_warnings(result._result) # 自定义输出,格式清晰一些 def zdy_stdout(self,result): msg = "" if result.get("delta",False): msg += u" 执行时间:%s"%result["delta"] if result.get("cmd", False): msg += u" 执行命令:%s"%result["cmd"] if result.get("stderr",False): msg += u" 错误输出: %s"%result["stderr"] if result.get("stdout",False): msg += u" 正确输出: %s"%result["stdout"] if result.get("warnings",False): msg += u" 警告:%s"%result["warnings"] return msg三、封装PlaybookExecutor
1.封装为更容易调用的playbook api调用
2.定制化一部分参数
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 描述: # V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 PlayBook重写封装api基本功能 import json from ansible import constants as C from collections import namedtuple from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader from ansible.vars import VariableManager from ansible.playbook.play import Play from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor from callback import YunweiCallback from ansible.utils.ssh_functions import check_for_controlpersist # 调用自定义Inventory from inventory import YunweiInventory as Inventory try: from __main__ import display except ImportError: from ansible.utils.display import Display display = Display() class YunweiPlaybookExecutor(PlaybookExecutor): """重写PlayBookExecutor""" def __init__(self, playbooks, inventory, variable_manager, loader, options, passwords, stdout_callback=None): self._playbooks = playbooks self._inventory = inventory self._variable_manager = variable_manager self._loader = loader self._options = options self.passwords = passwords self._unreachable_hosts = dict() if options.listhosts or options.listtasks or options.listtags or options.syntax: self._tqm = None else: self._tqm = TaskQueueManager(inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, options=options, passwords=self.passwords, stdout_callback=stdout_callback) # Note: We run this here to cache whether the default ansible ssh # executable supports control persist. Sometime in the future we may # need to enhance this to check that ansible_ssh_executable specified # in inventory is also cached. We can"t do this caching at the point # where it is used (in task_executor) because that is post-fork and # therefore would be discarded after every task. check_for_controlpersist(C.ANSIBLE_SSH_EXECUTABLE) class PlayBookJob(object): """封装一个playbook接口,提供给外部使用""" def __init__(self,playbooks,host_list,ssh_user="bbs",passwords="null",project_name="all",ack_pass=False,forks=5,ext_vars=None): self.playbooks = playbooks self.host_list = host_list self.ssh_user = ssh_user self.passwords = dict(vault_pass=passwords) self.project_name = project_name self.ack_pass = ack_pass self.forks = forks self.connection="smart" self.ext_vars = ext_vars ## 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密 self.loader = DataLoader() # 管理变量的类,包括主机,组,扩展等变量,之前版本是在 inventory中的 self.variable_manager = VariableManager() # 根据inventory加载对应变量 self.inventory = Inventory(loader=self.loader, variable_manager=self.variable_manager, group_name=self.project_name, # 项目名对应组名,区分当前执行的内容 ext_vars=self.ext_vars, host_list=self.host_list) self.variable_manager.set_inventory(self.inventory) # 初始化需要的对象1 self.Options = namedtuple("Options", ["connection", "remote_user", "ask_sudo_pass", "verbosity", "ack_pass", "module_path", "forks", "become", "become_method", "become_user", "check", "listhosts", "listtasks", "listtags", "syntax", "sudo_user", "sudo" ]) # 初始化需要的对象2 self.options = self.Options(connection=self.connection, remote_user=self.ssh_user, ack_pass=self.ack_pass, sudo_user=self.ssh_user, forks=self.forks, sudo="yes", ask_sudo_pass=False, verbosity=5, module_path=None, become=True, become_method="sudo", become_user="root", check=None, listhosts=None, listtasks=None, listtags=None, syntax=None ) # 初始化console输出 self.callback = YunweiCallback() # 直接开始 self.run() def run(self): pb = None pb = YunweiPlaybookExecutor( playbooks = self.playbooks, inventory = self.inventory, variable_manager = self.variable_manager, loader = self.loader, options = self.options, passwords = self.passwords, stdout_callback = self.callback ) result = pb.run() # daemo if __name__ == "__main__": PlayBookJob(playbooks=["xx.yml"], host_list=["10.45.176.2"], ssh_user="root", project_name="test", forks=20, ext_vars=None )参考:
ansible-api官方文档:http://docs.ansible.com/ansib...
一个非常好的ansible2.0 api调用文档,相见恨晚:https://serversforhackers.com...
ansible源码:https://github.com/ansible/an...
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摘要:写在前面是一个非常棒的运维工具,可以远程批量执行命令上传文件等自动化运维操作,由于要搞配置管理,初始化等批量操作,而自己对相对熟悉因此选择了。 写在前面: ansible是一个非常棒的运维工具,可以远程批量执行命令、上传文件等自动化运维操作,由于要搞配置管理,初始化等批量操作,而自己对ansible相对熟悉,因此选择了ansible playbook。不过在调用playbook api...
摘要:与最大的区别是无需在被控主机部署任何客户端代理,默认直接通过通道进行远程命令执行或下发配置相同点是都具备功能强大灵活的系统管理状态配置,两者都提供丰富的模板及,对云计算平台大数据都有很好的支持。临时禁止使用库。强制更新的缓存。 概述 运维工具按需不需要有代理程序来划分的话分两类: agent(需要有代理工具):基于专用的agent程序完成管理功能,puppet, func, zabb...
摘要:与最大的区别是无需在被控主机部署任何客户端代理,默认直接通过通道进行远程命令执行或下发配置相同点是都具备功能强大灵活的系统管理状态配置,两者都提供丰富的模板及,对云计算平台大数据都有很好的支持。临时禁止使用库。强制更新的缓存。 概述 运维工具按需不需要有代理程序来划分的话分两类: agent(需要有代理工具):基于专用的agent程序完成管理功能,puppet, func, zabb...
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