通过Class.newInstance()和Constructor.newInstance()两种反

Class.newInstance() → Inside java.lang 包
Constructor.newInstance() → Inside java.lang.reflect 包

Class.newInstance():

Class.forName("HelloWorld").newInstance();

或者

HelloWorld.class.newInstance();

Constructor.newInstance()

HelloWorld.class.getConstructor().newInstance();

Class.newInstance()只能反射无参的构造器；
Constructor.newInstance()可以反任何构造器；

Class.newInstance()需要构造器可见(visible)；
Constructor.newInstance()可以反私有构造器；

Class.newInstance()对于捕获或者未捕获的异常均由构造器抛出;
Constructor.newInstance()通常会把抛出的异常封装成InvocationTargetException抛出；

因为以上差异，所以很多框架使用的都是构造器反射的方式获取对象，像Spring, Guava, Zookeeper, Jackson, Servlet 等。

version:jdk1.8

直接类名反射实例化对象

@CallerSensitive
public T newInstance()
    throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
{
    if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
    }

    // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
    // the current Java memory model.

    // Constructor lookup
    if (cachedConstructor == null) {
        if (this == Class.class) {
            throw new IllegalAccessException(
                "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
            );
        }
        try {
            Class[] empty = {};
            final Constructor c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
            // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
            // since we have to do the security check here anyway
            // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor"s
            // security check to work)
            java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                    public Void run() {
                            c.setAccessible(true);
                            return null;
                        }
                    });
            cachedConstructor = c;
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw (InstantiationException)
                new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
        }
    }
    Constructor tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
    // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
    int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
    if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
        Class caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
        if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
            Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
            newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
        }
    }
    // Run constructor
    try {
        return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
        Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
        // Not reached
        return null;
    }
}

反射构造器实例化对象：

@CallerSensitive
public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)
    throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
           IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
    if (!override) {
        if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {
            Class caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
            checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers);
        }
    }
    if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");
    ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor;   // read volatile
    if (ca == null) {
        ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);
    return inst;
}