ForkJoinPool的commonPool相关参数配置

摘要：主要用于实现分而治之的算法，特别是分治之后递归调用的函数，例如等。最适合的是计算密集型的任务，如果存在，线程间同步，等会造成线程长时间阻塞的情况时，最好配合使用。

ForkJoinPool 主要用于实现“分而治之”的算法，特别是分治之后递归调用的函数，例如 quick sort 等。
ForkJoinPool 最适合的是计算密集型的任务，如果存在 I/O，线程间同步，sleep() 等会造成线程长时间阻塞的情况时，最好配合使用 ManagedBlocker。

static {
        // initialize field offsets for CAS etc
        try {
            U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
            Class k = ForkJoinPool.class;
            CTL = U.objectFieldOffset
                (k.getDeclaredField("ctl"));
            RUNSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
                (k.getDeclaredField("runState"));
            STEALCOUNTER = U.objectFieldOffset
                (k.getDeclaredField("stealCounter"));
            Class tk = Thread.class;
            PARKBLOCKER = U.objectFieldOffset
                (tk.getDeclaredField("parkBlocker"));
            Class wk = WorkQueue.class;
            QTOP = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("top"));
            QLOCK = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("qlock"));
            QSCANSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("scanState"));
            QPARKER = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("parker"));
            QCURRENTSTEAL = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("currentSteal"));
            QCURRENTJOIN = U.objectFieldOffset
                (wk.getDeclaredField("currentJoin"));
            Class ak = ForkJoinTask[].class;
            ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(ak);
            int scale = U.arrayIndexScale(ak);
            if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
                throw new Error("data type scale not a power of two");
            ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(scale);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }

        commonMaxSpares = DEFAULT_COMMON_MAX_SPARES;
        defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory =
            new DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory();
        modifyThreadPermission = new RuntimePermission("modifyThread");

        common = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
            (new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                public ForkJoinPool run() { return makeCommonPool(); }});
        int par = common.config & SMASK; // report 1 even if threads disabled
        commonParallelism = par > 0 ? par : 1;
    }

/**
     * Creates and returns the common pool, respecting user settings
     * specified via system properties.
     */
    private static ForkJoinPool makeCommonPool() {
        int parallelism = -1;
        ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory = null;
        UncaughtExceptionHandler handler = null;
        try {  // ignore exceptions in accessing/parsing properties
            String pp = System.getProperty
                ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.parallelism");
            String fp = System.getProperty
                ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.threadFactory");
            String hp = System.getProperty
                ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.exceptionHandler");
            if (pp != null)
                parallelism = Integer.parseInt(pp);
            if (fp != null)
                factory = ((ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory)ClassLoader.
                           getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(fp).newInstance());
            if (hp != null)
                handler = ((UncaughtExceptionHandler)ClassLoader.
                           getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(hp).newInstance());
        } catch (Exception ignore) {
        }
        if (factory == null) {
            if (System.getSecurityManager() == null)
                factory = defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory;
            else // use security-managed default
                factory = new InnocuousForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory();
        }
        if (parallelism < 0 && // default 1 less than #cores
            (parallelism = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() - 1) <= 0)
            parallelism = 1;
        if (parallelism > MAX_CAP)
            parallelism = MAX_CAP;
        return new ForkJoinPool(parallelism, factory, handler, LIFO_QUEUE,
                                "ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-");
    }

通过代码指定，必须得在commonPool初始化之前（parallel的stream被调用之前，一般可在系统启动后设置）注入进去，否则无法生效。
通过启动参数指定无此限制，较为安全

parallelism(即配置线程池个数)
可以通过java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.parallelism进行配置，最大值不能超过MAX_CAP,即32767.

static final int MAX_CAP      = 0x7fff;   //32767

如果没有指定，则默认为Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() - 1.

代码指定(必须得在commonPool初始化之前注入进去，否则无法生效)

System.setProperty("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.parallelism", "8");

或者参数指定

-Djava.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.parallelism=8

threadFactory
默认为defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory，没有securityManager的话。

/**
     * Default ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory implementation; creates a
     * new ForkJoinWorkerThread.
     */
    static final class DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory
        implements ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory {
        public final ForkJoinWorkerThread newThread(ForkJoinPool pool) {
            return new ForkJoinWorkerThread(pool);
        }
    }

代码指定(必须得在commonPool初始化之前注入进去，否则无法生效)

System.setProperty("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.threadFactory",YourForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory.class.getName());

参数指定

-Djava.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.threadFactory=com.xxx.xxx.YourForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory

exceptionHandler
如果没有设置，默认为null

/**
     * Callback from ForkJoinWorkerThread constructor to establish and
     * record its WorkQueue.
     *
     * @param wt the worker thread
     * @return the worker"s queue
     */
    final WorkQueue registerWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread wt) {
        UncaughtExceptionHandler handler;
        wt.setDaemon(true);                           // configure thread
        if ((handler = ueh) != null)
            wt.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(handler);
        WorkQueue w = new WorkQueue(this, wt);
        int i = 0;                                    // assign a pool index
        int mode = config & MODE_MASK;
        int rs = lockRunState();
        try {
            WorkQueue[] ws; int n;                    // skip if no array
            if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (n = ws.length) > 0) {
                int s = indexSeed += SEED_INCREMENT;  // unlikely to collide
                int m = n - 1;
                i = ((s << 1) | 1) & m;               // odd-numbered indices
                if (ws[i] != null) {                  // collision
                    int probes = 0;                   // step by approx half n
                    int step = (n <= 4) ? 2 : ((n >>> 1) & EVENMASK) + 2;
                    while (ws[i = (i + step) & m] != null) {
                        if (++probes >= n) {
                            workQueues = ws = Arrays.copyOf(ws, n <<= 1);
                            m = n - 1;
                            probes = 0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                w.hint = s;                           // use as random seed
                w.config = i | mode;
                w.scanState = i;                      // publication fence
                ws[i] = w;
            }
        } finally {
            unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
        }
        wt.setName(workerNamePrefix.concat(Integer.toString(i >>> 1)));
        return w;
    }

代码指定(必须得在commonPool初始化之前注入进去，否则无法生效)

System.setProperty("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.exceptionHandler",YourUncaughtExceptionHandler.class.getName());

参数指定

-Djava.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.exceptionHandler=com.xxx.xxx.YourUncaughtExceptionHandler

// Mode bits for ForkJoinPool.config and WorkQueue.config
    static final int MODE_MASK    = 0xffff << 16;  // top half of int
    static final int LIFO_QUEUE   = 0;
    static final int FIFO_QUEUE   = 1 << 16;
    static final int SHARED_QUEUE = 1 << 31;       // must be negative

控制是FIFO还是LIFO

        /**
         * Takes next task, if one exists, in order specified by mode.
         */
        final ForkJoinTask nextLocalTask() {
            return (config & FIFO_QUEUE) == 0 ? pop() : poll();
        }

ForkJoinPool 的每个工作线程都维护着一个工作队列（WorkQueue），这是一个双端队列（Deque），里面存放的对象是任务（ForkJoinTask）。
每个工作线程在运行中产生新的任务（通常是因为调用了 fork()）时，会放入工作队列的队尾，并且工作线程在处理自己的工作队列时，使用的是 LIFO 方式，也就是说每次从队尾取出任务来执行。
每个工作线程在处理自己的工作队列同时，会尝试窃取一个任务（或是来自于刚刚提交到 pool的任务，或是来自于其他工作线程的工作队列），窃取的任务位于其他线程的工作队列的队首，也就是说工作线程在窃取其他工作线程的任务时，使用的是 FIFO 方式。

queue capacity

        /**
         * Capacity of work-stealing queue array upon initialization.
         * Must be a power of two; at least 4, but should be larger to
         * reduce or eliminate cacheline sharing among queues.
         * Currently, it is much larger, as a partial workaround for
         * the fact that JVMs often place arrays in locations that
         * share GC bookkeeping (especially cardmarks) such that
         * per-write accesses encounter serious memory contention.
         */
        static final int INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1 << 13;

        /**
         * Maximum size for queue arrays. Must be a power of two less
         * than or equal to 1 << (31 - width of array entry) to ensure
         * lack of wraparound of index calculations, but defined to a
         * value a bit less than this to help users trap runaway
         * programs before saturating systems.
         */
        static final int MAXIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1 << 26; // 64M

超出报异常

        /**
         * Initializes or doubles the capacity of array. Call either
         * by owner or with lock held -- it is OK for base, but not
         * top, to move while resizings are in progress.
         */
        final ForkJoinTask[] growArray() {
            ForkJoinTask[] oldA = array;
            int size = oldA != null ? oldA.length << 1 : INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
            if (size > MAXIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY)
                throw new RejectedExecutionException("Queue capacity exceeded");
            int oldMask, t, b;
            ForkJoinTask[] a = array = new ForkJoinTask[size];
            if (oldA != null && (oldMask = oldA.length - 1) >= 0 &&
                (t = top) - (b = base) > 0) {
                int mask = size - 1;
                do { // emulate poll from old array, push to new array
                    ForkJoinTask x;
                    int oldj = ((b & oldMask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                    int j    = ((b &    mask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                    x = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObjectVolatile(oldA, oldj);
                    if (x != null &&
                        U.compareAndSwapObject(oldA, oldj, x, null))
                        U.putObjectVolatile(a, j, x);
                } while (++b != t);
            }
            return a;
        }

Java 并发编程笔记：如何使用 ForkJoinPool 以及原理