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logback管理日志入门

bluesky / 1362人阅读

摘要：是由创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。此外完整实现使你可以很方便地更换成其它日志系统如或。访问模块与容器集成提供通过来访问日志的功能。依赖配置的核心，包建议使用来管理日志，方便替换底层实现，要用，就在依赖中加入包和包。

Logback是由log4j创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。logback当前分成三个模块：logback-core,logback-classic和logback-access。logback-core是其它两个模块的基础模块。logback-classic是log4j的一个改良版本。此外logback-classic完整实现SLF4J API使你可以很方便地更换成其它日志系统如log4j或JDK14 Logging。logback-access访问模块与Servlet容器集成提供通过Http来访问日志的功能。
依赖配置

logback的核心，logback-core包

logback建议使用slf4j来管理日志，方便替换底层实现，要用slf4j，就在依赖中加入logback-classic包和slf4j-api包。

加入junit测试。

pom.xml:


    4.0.0
    com.fengyuan
    logback-demo
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

    
        
            org.slf4j
            slf4j-api
            1.7.12
        
        
            ch.qos.logback
            logback-core
            1.1.2
        
        
            ch.qos.logback
            logback-classic
            1.1.3
        
        
            junit
            junit
            4.12
        
    

    
        
            
                org.apache.maven.plugins
                maven-compiler-plugin
                
                    1.8
                    1.8
配置文件

在项目classpath下加入logback.xml:



    
    
    
        
            %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%level] - %m%n
        
    

    
    
    
        
        logs/error.log 
        
            %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n
        
        
            ERROR
            ACCEPT
            DENY
        
        
            error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log.zip
            
            30
        
    

    
    
    
        logs/info.log
        
            %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n
        
        
            INFO
            ACCEPT
            DENY
        
        
            info.%i.log
            1
            3
        
        
            5MB
        
    

    
    
    
        logs/debug.log
        
            %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n
        
        
            DEBUG
            ACCEPT
            DENY
        
        
            debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
            
                100MB

包括日志文件的路径，保存的时间，已经滚动的策略都在配置文件中配置，具体看注释。配置文件是从棂枫的这篇博客里学习的，感谢。

测试

测试类：

package com.fengyuan.client;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


public class Main {
    
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);
    
    @Test
    public void testLogBack() {
        log.debug("I am debug");
        log.info("I am info");
        log.error("I am error");
        
        try {
            throw new IllegalStateException("I am exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

执行结果：

控制台输出：

10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy]
10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml]
10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Found resource [logback.xml] at [file:/D:/scm-workspace/logback-demo/target/classes/logback.xml]
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Setting ReconfigureOnChangeFilter scanning period to 30 seconds
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ReconfigureOnChangeFilter{invocationCounter=0} - Will scan for changes in [[D:scm-workspacelogback-demo	argetclasseslogback.xml]] every 30 seconds. 
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Adding ReconfigureOnChangeFilter as a turbo filter
10:35:19,810 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender]
10:35:19,812 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [STDOUT]
10:35:19,826 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,848 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,850 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [ERROR-OUT]
10:35:19,854 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,866 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use zip compression
10:35:19,868 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log for the active file
10:35:19,875 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - The date pattern is "yyyy-MM-dd" from file name pattern "error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log.zip".
10:35:19,875 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Roll-over at midnight.
10:35:19,877 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Setting initial period to Fri Aug 26 10:35:19 CST 2016
10:35:19,879 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[ERROR-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/error.log
10:35:19,879 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[ERROR-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/error.log]
10:35:19,880 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,880 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [INFO-OUT]
10:35:19,881 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,884 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy@234bef66 - No compression will be used
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[INFO-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/info.log
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[INFO-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/info.log]
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [DEBUG-OUT]
10:35:19,888 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,893 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - No compression will be used
10:35:19,893 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log for the active file
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - The date pattern is "yyyy-MM-dd" from file name pattern "debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log".
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - Roll-over at midnight.
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - Setting initial period to Fri Aug 26 10:35:19 CST 2016
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[DEBUG-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/debug.log
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[DEBUG-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/debug.log]
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.db.DBAppender]
10:35:19,899 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [DB]
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - Driver name=MySQL Connector Java
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - Driver version=mysql-connector-java-5.1.38 ( Revision: fe541c166cec739c74cc727c5da96c1028b4834a )
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - supportsGetGeneratedKeys=true
10:35:20,090 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [STDOUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [ERROR-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [INFO-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [DEBUG-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - End of configuration.
10:35:20,092 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator@731a74c - Registering current configuration as safe fallback point
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [DEBUG] - I am debug
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [INFO] - I am info
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [ERROR] - I am error
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [ERROR] - I am exception
java.lang.IllegalStateException: I am exception
    at com.fengyuan.client.Main.testLogBack(Main.java:19) ~[classes/:na]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) [.cp/:na]

在项目路径下多了一个logs文件夹，里面有3个文件，每个文件记录对应的日志：

Lombok

可以借助Lombok来简化代码的编写。
有了Lombok，只需要在要写日志的类中加入@Slf4j等注解，不用再写private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);

使用Lombok后的测试类：

package com.fengyuan.client;

import org.junit.Test;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class Main {
    
    @Test
    public void testLogBack() {
        log.debug("I am debug");
        log.info("I am info");
        log.error("I am error");
        
        try {
            throw new IllegalStateException("I am exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}
日志输出到数据库 建表

首先在数据库中建三张表，用来存储日志记录：

BEGIN;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event_property;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event_exception;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event;
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event( 
timestmp BIGINT NOT NULL, 
formatted_message  TEXT NOT NULL, 
logger_name VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
level_string VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
thread_name  VARCHAR(254), 
reference_flag SMALLINT, 
arg0 VARCHAR(254),
arg1 VARCHAR(254),
arg2 VARCHAR(254), 
arg3 VARCHAR(254), 
caller_filename VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_class VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_method VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_line CHAR(4) NOT NULL, 
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY
);
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event_property( 
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL, 
mapped_key VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
mapped_value TEXT, 
PRIMARY KEY(event_id, mapped_key), 
FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES logging_event(event_id)
);
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event_exception (
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL, 
i SMALLINT NOT NULL, 
trace_line VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY(event_id, i), 
FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES logging_event(event_id)    
);
COMMIT;
配置

在logback.xml中加入输出到数据库的appender，配置好数据源：


    
        
            com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
            jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
            root
            123456

加入引用

加入数据库驱动依赖

这一步很多人容易忘记，配置好相应的配置之后，要记得加入mysql驱动的依赖：


    mysql
    mysql-connector-java
    5.1.38

然后，日志就会输出到数据表中了。

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