django基础（一）

摘要：基础一项目的创建和启动项目容器是实际的项目包配置文件路由文件实用的命令行工具数据库配置文件更改服务启动新建项目方法一方法二和的区别一个项目下有多个一对多的关系配置注册视图函数视图函数配置配置启动项目对象是在这个模块中是有创建官方文档常

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /vagrant/
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/      #项目容器
├── devops     #是实际的python项目包
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py   #配置文件
│ ├── urls.py     #路由文件
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py     #实用的命令行工具
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ vim devops/devops/settings.py    #数据库配置文件更改
DATABASES = {
   "default": {
       "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
       "NAME": "devops",
       "USER": "root",
       "PASSWORD": "123456",
       "HOST": "localhost",
       "PORT": 3306,
          "OPTIONS":{
           "init_command": "SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;",
           },
    }
}

服务启动

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py runserver 0:8000

新建项目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard     #方法一
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ django-admin startapp dashboard1           #方法二

startproject和startapp的区别

一个项目下有多个app（一对多的关系）

配置url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
]

注册app

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "dashboard"
]

视图函数

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
#视图函数
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("hello world")

配置app url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",index,name="index")
]

配置project url

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^dashboard/",include("dashboard.urls"))
]

启动项目

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000

是在django.http这个模块中

是有django创建

官方文档docs

常用的属性：

request.body     -----b""
request.scheme    -----http
request.path        ----  /dashboard/
request.method   --- GET
request.GET
request.POST
request.META

HttpResponse:返回字符串

JsonResponse:返回字典，注意safe=False是针对于列表类型

- GET
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")
- POST
request.GET
request.GET.get("xx")
request.GET.getlist("oo")

In [1]: from django.http import QueryDict                                                                  
In [2]: QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                                    
Out[2]: 
In [3]: q = QueryDict("aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx")                                                         
In [4]: QueryDict.fromkeys(["a","b","a"],value="val")                                                      
Out[4]: 
In [5]: q                                                                                                  
Out[5]: 
In [6]: q.dict()                                                                                           
Out[6]: {"aa": "bb", "cc": "xxx"}
In [7]: q.urlencode()                                                                                      
Out[7]: "aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx"

请求返回都在request.body中

视图函数

def index_2(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print("request get =",request.GET)
        data = request.GET.copy()
        data["aa"] = "xxxxxx"
        print("data =",data)
        print("aa =",request.GET.get("aa"))       #取出单个值
        print("cc =",request.GET.getlist("cc"))   #取出多个值
    elif request.method == "POST":
        print("request post =",request.POST)
        print("aa =",request.POST.get("aa"))
        print("cc =",request.POST.getlist("cc"))

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        print("delete=",QueryDict(request.body))

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        print("put=",QueryDict(request.body))

    return HttpResponse("")

请求方式：

In [1]: import requests                                                                             
In [2]: url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/"    
In [3]: data = {}                                                                                         
In [4]: data["aa"] = "bb"                                                                              
In [5]: data["cc"] = ["dd","ee"]      
In [9]: requests.delete(url,data=data)                                                     Out[9]: 
In [10]: requests.put(url,data=data)                                                         Out[10]: 

用户登录练习

视图函数

def login(request):
    msg = ""
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        if username == "admin" and userpass == "123456":
            msg = "login success"
        else:
             msg = "login failed"
    else:
         msg = "请求方法不被允许！"
     returnHttpResponse(msg) 

post请求方法

In [11]: url = "http://192.168.33.10/login/"                                       
In [12]: data = {}                                                                                       
In [13]: data["username"] = "admin"                                                         
In [14]: data["userpass"] = "123456"   
In [16]: r = requests.post(url,data)  
In [18]: r.content.decode("utf8")  

(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py dbshell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py showmigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
-----------------------------------创建用户--------------------------------------
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User                                                        
In [2]: User.objects.create_user("wanghui","wanghui@qq.com","123456")      #创建普通用户
In [3]: User.objects.create_superuser("admin","admin@qq.com","123456")                  #创建超级管理员

---------修改密码-------------------------------------------------------

In [5]: u = User.objects.get(username="wanghui")                                                           
In [6]: u.set_password("654321")                                                                           
In [7]: u.save()       

---------删除用户----------------------------

步骤：
一个视图

GET请求：展示登陆页面
POST请求：执行用户登陆
                   1. 接收用户post过来的用户名密码
                    2. 验证用户名密码
                    3. 返回结果

视图函数

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def LoginView(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
        # try:
        # User.objects.get(username=username)
        # except User.DoesNotExist:
        # return HttpResponse("用户不存在！")
        user = authenticate(request,username=username,password=userpass)
        if user is not None:
            login(request,user)
            return HttpResponse("用户登录成功")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("用户登录失败")
    return render(request, "login.html")

模板文件

    
    



    

        

            username
            
        
        

            password
            
        
        

            
        
    

路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$",views.index,name="index"),
    url(r"^index2/$",views.index_1,name="index_1"),
    url(r"^login/$",views.loginv1,name="login"),
    url(r"^loginv2/$",views.LoginView,name="loginv2"),
]