python 中 xlwt 操作excel

摘要：中使用操作非常方和使用调框架相比这就是天堂啊一安装模块二简单使用导入模块创建对象创建工作表往表中写内容第一各参数行第二个参数列第三个参数内容保存表为在中使用操作在创建对象的时候就需要写好表名创建对象完成后这个表就已经存在但是使用需要在最后

python中使用xlwt操作excel非常方,和Java使用调框架apache poi相比这就是天堂啊
一.安装xlwt模块

pip3 install xlwt

二.简单使用xlwt

import xlwt  #导入模块
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8") #创建workbook 对象
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")   #创建工作表sheet
worksheet.write(0, 0, "hello") #往表中写内容,第一各参数 行,第二个参数列,第三个参数内容
workbook.save("students.xls") #保存表为students.xls
#在Java中使用poi操作excel 在创建workbook对象的时候就需要写好表名,创建workbook对象完成后
#这个表就已经存在,但是使用xlwt 需要在最后调用保存的时候为表命名,并且只有调入save方法后才会#创建表

三.为内容设置style

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")
#设置字体样式
font = xlwt.Font()
#字体
font.name = "Time New Roman"
#加粗
font.bold = True
#下划线
font.underline = True
#斜体
font.italic = True

#创建style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
#根据样式创建workbook
worksheet.write(0, 1, "world", style)
workbook.save("students.xls")

四.合并单元格,使用xlwt 合并单元格时不用像poi通过style来设置,直接创建和并单元格就可以,

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")
#通过worksheet调用merge()创建合并单元格
#第一个和第二个参数单表行合并,第三个和第四个参数列合并,

#合并第0列到第2列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 2, "first merge")

#合并第1行第2行第一列的单元格
worksheet.write_merge(0, 1, 0, 0, "first merge")

workbook.save("students.xls")

如果需要了解具体调合并单元格规则就自己试着合并,查看合并效果.才能清晰明了

五.设置单元格的对齐方式

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")
alignment = xlwt.Alignment()
# 水平居中
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
# 垂直居中
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.alignment = alignment
#设置单元格宽度
worksheet.col(0).width = 6666

#设置单元格的高度
worksheet.row(0).height_mismatch = True
worksheet.row(0).height = 1000

worksheet.write(0, 0, "hello world", style)
workbook.save("center.xls")

六.设置单元格调边框

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
# 设置颜色
border.left_coloure = 0x40b
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.right_colour = 0x40b
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.top_colour = 0x40b
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.bottom_colour = 0x40b
style = xlwt.XFStyle()

style.borders = border
worksheet.write(0, 0, "love", style)
workbook.save("dashed.xls")

七.设置单元格边框

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")

border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.borders = border
worksheet.write(1, 1, "love", style)

workbook.save("dashed.xls")

八.设置单元格背景色

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN

# 8 through 63
# 0 = Black, 1 = White,
# 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue,
# 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan,
# 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green,
# 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow ,
# almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta,
# 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray,
# 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...

pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 3
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.pattern = pattern
worksheet.write(1, 1, "shit", style)
workbook.save("shit.xls")

九.设置字体颜色

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")

font = xlwt.Font()
# 设置字体为红色
font.colour_index=xlwt.Style.colour_map["red"]

style = xlwt.XFStyle()

style.font = font

worksheet.write(0, 1, "world", style)
workbook.save("students.xls")

遇到的问题:

1.PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: "dashed.xls"
原因:测试写入调时候文件被打开了,无法写入,关闭文件后再写入就ok了
2.TypeError: "module" object is not callable
创建style的时候调错对象将

style = xlwt.Style()

改为

style = xlwt.XFStyle()

各个样式组合一起完整代码:

import  xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8") #创建workbook 对象
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("sheet1")   #创建工作表sheet
#设置字体样式
font = xlwt.Font()
#字体
font.name = "Time New Roman"
#加粗
font.bold = True
#下划线
font.underline = True
#斜体
font.italic = True
# 设置字体为红色
font.colour_index=xlwt.Style.colour_map["red"]

#--------------------------------边框
border = xlwt.Borders()
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
# 设置颜色
border.left_coloure = 0x40b
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.right_colour = 0x40b
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.top_colour = 0x40b
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

border.bottom_colour = 0x40b
# DASHED虚线
# NO_LINE没有
# THIN实线
border.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
border.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN

#--------------------单元格背景色
pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN

#-------------------------------居中--------------
alignment = xlwt.Alignment()
# 水平居中
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER
# 垂直居中
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER
#创建style
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.font = font
style.borders = border
style.pattern = pattern
style.alignment = alignment

#根据样式创建workbook
worksheet.write(0, 1, "world", style)
workbook.save("students.xls")