摘要：基础之二简介官方文档安装与配置安装配置重新创建数据库并配置新建一个的将座位，并做配置加入环境变量定义好主备路由主路由项目路由创建名称地址联系电话邮箱创建数据库同步生成数据北京机房北京市酒仙桥北京机房上海机房上海上
DRF基础之二
简介
官方文档
Requirements
REST framework requires the following:
Python (2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7)
Django (1.11, 2.0, 2.1)
The following packages are optional:
coreapi (1.32.0+) - Schema generation support.
Markdown (2.1.0+) - Markdown support for the browsable API.
django-filter (1.0.1+) - Filtering support.
django-crispy-forms - Improved HTML display for filtering.
django-guardian (1.1.1+) - Object level permissions support
安装与配置
安装
pip3 install djangorestframework
pip3 install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip3 install django-filter # Filtering support
配置
django-admin startproject devops
vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
"rest_framework‘
)
# 重新创建数据库day4,并配置vim devops/settings.py
DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
"NAME": "day4",
"USER": "root",
"PASSWORD": "123456",
"HOST": "localhost",
"PORT": 3306,
"OPTIONS": {
"init_command": "SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;",
},
}
}
新建一个idc的app
mkdir apps
django-admin startapp idc
mv idc apps
touch apps/__init__.py
将apps座位mainPath，并做配置
加入settings.py环境变量
import sys
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
"rest_framework",
"idc.apps.IdcConfig"
]
定义好主备路由
- 主路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
url(r"^",include("idc.urls"))
]
- 项目路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list)
]
创建idc/models.py
from django.db import models
class Idc(models.Model):
name = models.CharField("IDC名称",max_length=128,blank=False,null=True)
address = models.CharField("IDC地址",max_length=200,default="")
phone = models.CharField("IDC联系电话",max_length=20,null=True)
email = models.EmailField("IDC邮箱")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Meta:
db_table = "idc"
创建idc/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc
class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
name = serializers.CharField()
address = serializers.CharField()
phone = serializers.CharField()
email = serializers.EmailField()
数据库同步&生成数据
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from idc.models import Idc
In [2]: idc = Idc()
In [3]: idc.name = "北京机房"
In [4]: idc.address = "北京市酒仙桥"
In [5]: idc.phone = "123990131"
In [6]: idc.email = "beijing@idc.com"
In [7]: idc.save()
In [8]: idc
Out[8]:
In [10]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"} In [11]:
In [11]: data
Out[11]:
{"name": "上海机房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
In [12]: idc = Idc(**data)
In [13]: idc.save()
In [14]: Idc.objects.all()
Out[14]: , ]>
In [15]: idc
Out[15]:
In [16]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer
In [17]: serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
In [18]: serializer
Out[18]:
IdcSerializer():
id = IntegerField()
name = CharField()
address = CharField()
phone = CharField()
email = EmailField()
In [19]: serializer.data
Out[19]: {"id": 2, "name": "上海机房", "address": "上海", "phone": "90909931", "email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
会出错的地方
In [21]: import json
In [22]: json.dumps(serializer.data)
Out[22]: "{"id": 2, "name": "u4e0au6d77u673au623f", "address": "u4e0au6d77", "phone": "90909931", "email": "shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [23]: from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
In [24]: content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
In [25]: content #获取到浏览器的数据
Out[25]: b"{"id":2,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [26]: from django.utils.six import BytesIO
In [27]: stream = BytesIO(content) #将获取的数据转换成一个流
In [28]: from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
In [29]: data = JSONParser().parse(stream) #将数据转换成dict
In [30]: data
Out[30]:
{"id": 2,
"name": "上海机房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
新创建数据并测试
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc
class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
name = serializers.CharField()
address = serializers.CharField()
phone = serializers.CharField()
email = serializers.EmailField()
def create(self, validated_data):
return Idc.objects.create(**validated_data)
测试：
In [1]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}
In [2]: data
Out[2]:
{"name": "上海机房",
"address": "上海",
"phone": "90909931",
"email": "shanghai@idc.com"}
In [3]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer
In [4]: idc = IdcSerializer(data=data)
In [5]: idc.is_valid()
Out[5]: True
In [6]: idc.save()
Out[6]:
处理queryset
In [7]: from idc.models import Idc
In [8]: Idc.objects.all()
Out[8]: , , ]>
In [9]: queryset = Idc.objects.all()
In [10]: IdcSerializer(queryset)
In [15]: ser = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True) #many=False是要单个数据
In [16]: ser.data
Out[16]: [OrderedDict([("id", 1), ("name", "北京机房"), ("address", "北京市酒仙桥"), ("phone", "123990131"), ("email", "beijing@idc.com")]), OrderedDict([("id", 2), ("name", "上海机房"), ("address", "上海"), ("phone", "90909931"), ("email", "shanghai@idc.com")]), OrderedDict([("id", 3), ("name", "上海机房"), ("address", "上海"), ("phone", "90909931"), ("email", "shanghai@idc.com")])]
序列化模型
model obj ==== > JSON
反序列化模型
http提交的数据 ==== > JSON =====> obj(model obj)
创建idc/views.py
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("content_type", "application/json")
content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)
def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method == "GET":
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
# content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
# return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")
测试
In [17]: import requests
In [18]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/"
In [19]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}
In [20]: requests.post(url,data)
Out[20]:
In [21]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)
In [22]: r.status_code
Out[22]: 500
In [23]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)
In [24]: r.status_code
Out[24]: 200
In [25]: r.content
Out[25]: b"{"id":5,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
详情相关的数据
idc/urls.py：
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r"idcs/$",views.idc_list),
url(r"idcs/(?P[0-9]+)/$",views.idc_detail),
]
views.py
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("content_type", "application/json")
content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)
def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method == "GET":
queryset = Idc.objects.all()
serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
# content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
# return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")
def idc_detail(request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
try:
idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Idc.DoesNotExist:
return HttpResponse(status=404)
if request.method == "GET":
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "POST":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "PUT":
content = JSONParser().parse(request)
serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=content)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
elif request.method == "DELETE":
idc.delete()
return HttpResponse(status=204)
测试：
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/2/"
In [3]: requests.get(url)
Out[3]:
In [4]: requests.get(url).content
Out[4]: b"{"id":2,"name":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7xe6x9cxbaxe6x88xbf","address":"xe4xb8x8axe6xb5xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}"
In [5]: requests.delete(url)
Out[5]:
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ curl -s -X PUT -d "{"name":"wanghui"}" http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/1/ #更新操作
{"id":1,"name":"wanghui","address":"北京市酒仙桥","phone":"123990131","email":"beijing@idc.com"}[vagrant@localhost ~]$
