Django入门（1）

摘要：入门项目创建和创建准备环境项目创建创建进入项目路径创建路由文件项目结构如下项目注册在此处注册项目路由注册注册的此时，一个完整的流程就好了修改的路由写一个视图函数函数视图的定义

准备环境

python3 
virtualenv
pip3
pip3 install django==1.1

项目创建,APP创建

django-admin startproject ops
cd ops
python3 manage.py startapp darshboard
cd darshboard #进入项目路径
touch urls.py #创建路由文件

项目结构如下：

ops/
|-- darshboard
| |-- admin.py
| |-- apps.py
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- migrations
| |-- models.py
| |-- tests.py
| |-- urls.py
| `-- views.py
|-- db.sqlite3
|-- manage.py
`-- ops
    |-- __init__.py
    |-- settings.py
    |-- urls.py
    `-- wsgi.py

项目注册

# vim ops/ops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "darshboard.apps.DarshboardConfig" #在此处注册darshboard项目
]

路由注册

# vim ops/ops/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
    url(r"^darshboard/",include("darshboard.urls")), #注册app的urls
]

此时，一个完整的流程就好了

# vim ops/darshboard/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index

urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^hello/", index,name="index"),
]

函数视图的定义：
a. 就是一个普通函数
b. 接收一个HttpRequest实例作为第一个参数
c. 然后返回一个HttpResponse的实例

# vim ops/darshboard/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("hello world")

启动项目

python manage.py runserver 0:8080

访问：

打开本地浏览器输入：

http://211.159.156.251:8080/darshboard/hello/

即可访问！

由Django创建

属性如下：

HttpRequest.scheme
HttpRequest.body
HttpRequest.path
HttpRequest.method
HttpRequest.encoding
HttpRequest.GET
HttpRequest.POST
HttpRequest.META

方法如下：

HttpRequest.get_host()
HttpRequest.get_port()
HttpRequest.get_full_path()
HttpRequest.is_secure()
HttpRequest.is_ajax()

传递一个字符串作为页面的内容到HttpResponse构造函数

from django.http import HttpResponse
response = HttpResponse("here is the web page")
response = HttpResponse("Text only .please,content_type="text/plain")

参考的views如下

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
import json
def index(request):
    data = {
        "name":"wanghui",
        "age":20
    }
    data_1 = ["devops","python"]
    #return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data),content_type="application/json")   #返回的content-typet
    #return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_1),content_type="application/json")
    return JsonResponse(data_1,safe=False)
    # return HttpResponse("Hello World!!",status=599)

为了让数据更加美观。

GET请求与传参

- method
- GET

POST提交数据

方法练习

#  python manage.py shell
>>> from django.http import QueryDict
>>> data = QueryDict("a=12&a=123&b=233")
>>> data.urlencode()
"a=12&a=123&b=233"

官方给出的数据库连接设置

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

数据库同步相关命令

python manage.py showmigrations
python manage.py sqlmigrate sessions 0001
python manage.py dbshell   # 进入shell模式

django-shell创建用户

# 方式一：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 22 2018, 18:25:52) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User.objects.create_user("rock","12272@qq.com","123456")   #创建普通用户
>>> u = User.objects.get(username="rock")     #查找用户
>>> u.set_password("654321")       #修改密码
>>> u.save()                                   #保存
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 方式二：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py createsupperuser

重点在于对函数视图的练习

darshboard/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse,QueryDict
from django.template import loader,Context,Template
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate

def user_login(request):
    # print(request.GET)
    # 获取提交过来的用户名&密码
    if request.method == "GET":     #get请求的话，就直接返回页面
        return render(request, "user_login.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":  #post就要获取用户名和密码
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
    # 根据用户名取出这个记录是否存在
        user_obj = authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user_obj:
            login(request,user_obj)
            print("登陆成功!")
        else:
            print("登陆失败！")
    elif request.method == "DELETE":      # 通过delete方法获取请求体
        data = QueryDict(request.body)    # 获取delete的请求体
        print(data)
    return HttpResponse("")

darshboard/urls.py #指定路由

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from .views import index,index_template,index_methods,user_login
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^user_login",user_login)
]

darshboard/user_login.html

    
   
        
用户名：
        
密码：
        

    

关于delete方法的请求方式

在linux本地机器上执行：
curl -XDELETE http://127.0.0.1:8080/darshboard/user_login/ -d username=rock -d password=654321