摘要:简述是中操作的模块,其使用方法和几乎相同。但目前支持而后者不支持版本。因此要避免这种情况需使用提供的参数化查询。使用存储过程动态执行防注入使用存储过程自动提供防注入,动态传入到存储过程执行语句。
简述
pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模块,其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而后者不支持3.x版本。一、安装
本文测试python版本:3.5.2。mysql版本:5.7.18
pip install pymysql二、使用操作 1. 执行SQL
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = "junxi" import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") # 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行SQL,并返回收影响行数 row1 = cursor.execute("update users set password = "123"") print(row1) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 row2 = cursor.execute("update users set password = "456" where id > %s", (1,)) print(row2) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数(使用pymysql的参数化语句防止SQL注入) row3 = cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", "333", "ceshi3@11.com"), ("ceshi4", "444", "ceshi4@qq.com")]) print(row3) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close()
提示:存在中文的时候,连接需要添加charset="utf8",否则中文显示乱码。
2、获取查询数据#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = "junxi" import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") # 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("select * from users") # 获取第一行数据 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print(row_1) # 获取前n行数据 row_n = cursor.fetchmany(3) print(row_n) # 获取所有数据 row_3 = cursor.fetchall() print(row_3) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close()
3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID,也就是最后插入的一条数据ID
#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ __author__ = "junxi" import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") # 创建游标, 查询数据默认为元组类型 cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", "333", "ceshi3@11.com"), ("ceshi4", "444", "ceshi4@qq.com")]) new_id = cursor.lastrowid print(new_id) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close()4、移动游标
操作都是靠游标,那对游标的控制也是必须的
注:在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如: cursor.scroll(1,mode="relative") # 相对当前位置移动 cursor.scroll(2,mode="absolute") # 相对绝对位置移动5、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元组类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据,即:
import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") # 游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) # 左连接查询 r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2") result = cursor.fetchall() print(result) # 查询一个表的所有字段名 c = cursor.execute("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users FROM blog") cc = cursor.fetchall() # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 conn.commit() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接 conn.close()
查看运行结果:
[{"user_id": 2, "id": 2, "password": "456", "email": "xinlei2017@test.com", "a.id": 2, "content": "成名之路", "title": "星光大道", "username": "tangtang"}]
6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") #游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) #无参数存储过程 cursor.callproc("p2") #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()") row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
b、调用有参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.callproc("p1", args=(1, 22, 3, 4)) #获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头 cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3") # {u"@_p1_1": 22, u"@p1": None, u"@_p1_2": 103, u"@_p1_3": 24} row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()三、关于pymysql防注入 1、字符串拼接查询,造成注入
正常查询语句:
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor() username = "ceshi1" password = "ceshi1passwd" # 正常构造语句的情况 sql = "select username, password from users where user="%s" and pass="%s"" % (username, password) # sql = select username, password from users where user="ceshi1" and pass="ceshi1passwd" row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count, row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
构造注入语句:
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor() username = "u1" or "1"-- " password = "u1pass" sql="select username, password from users where username="%s" and password="%s"" % (username, password) # 拼接语句被构造成下面这样,永真条件,此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。 # select user,pass from tb7 where user="u1" or "1"-- " and pass="u1pass" row_count = cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()2、避免注入,使用pymysql提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor() username="u1" password="u1pass" #执行参数化查询 row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from tb7 where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
构造注入,参数化查询注入失败。
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor() username="u1" or "1"-- " password="u1pass" #执行参数化查询 row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) #内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句,对特殊字符进行了加转义,避免注入语句生成。 # sql=cursor.mogrify("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password)) # print sql #select username,password from users where username="u1" or "1"-- " and password="u1pass"被转义的语句。 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_count,row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
结论:excute执行SQL语句的时候,必须使用参数化的方式,否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入,动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。 delimiter DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql ( in nid1 INT, in nid2 INT, in callsql VARCHAR(255) ) BEGIN set @nid1 = nid1; set @nid2 = nid2; set @callsql = callsql; PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql; -- PREPARE prod FROM "select * from users where nid>? and nid"; 传入的值为字符串,?为占位符 -- 用@p1,和@p2填充占位符 EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2; DEALLOCATE prepare myprod; END delimiter ; set @nid1=12; set @nid2=15; set @callsql = "select * from users where nid>? and nid"; CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
pymsql中调用
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8") cursor = conn.cursor() sql1="select * from users where nid>? and nid" cursor.callproc("proc_sql", args=(11, 15, sql1)) rows = cursor.fetchall() print rows conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()四、使用with简化连接过程
# 使用with简化连接过程,每次都连接关闭很麻烦,使用上下文管理,简化连接过程 import pymysql import contextlib # 定义上下文管理器,连接后自动关闭连接 @contextlib.contextmanager def mysql(host="127.0.0.1", port=3306, user="blog", passwd="123456", db="blog", charset="utf8"): conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset) cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) try: yield cursor finally: conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() # 执行sql with mysql() as cursor: # 左连接查询 r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2") result = cursor.fetchall() print(result)
查看运行结果:
[{"title": "星光大道", "username": "tangtang", "user_id": 2, "email": "xinlei3166@126.com", "a.id": 2, "content": "成名之路", "password": "456", "id": 2}]
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