nginx的upstream异常

摘要：异常与默认值为默认值为秒。实验请求里头的会发起一个，请求请求一次对逐个请求，都失败，则的返回，对返回的取决于脚本再请求一次该下面的都挂的情况下出现中健康检查机制深入分析容错机制原创胡志广线上的一次分析

upstream server temporarily disabled while connecting to upstream
no live upstreams while connecting to upstream

max_fails默认值为1,fail_timeout默认值为10秒。

nginx可以通过设置max_fails（最大尝试失败次数）和fail_timeout（失效时间，在到达最大尝试失败次数后，在fail_timeout的时间范围内节点被置为失效，除非所有节点都失效，否则该时间内，节点不进行恢复）对节点失败的尝试次数和失效时间进行设置，当超过最大尝试次数或失效时间未超过配置失效时间，则nginx会对节点状会置为失效状态，nginx不对该后端进行连接，直到超过失效时间或者所有节点都失效后，该节点重新置为有效，重新探测.

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com weight=5;
    server 127.0.0.1:8080       max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    server unix:/tmp/backend3;

    server backup1.example.com  backup;
}

比如

connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: , request: "POST /demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/capture/getstatus", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:8080/api/demo/

比如

upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream

Nginx 默认判断失败节点状态以connect refuse和time out状态为准，不以HTTP错误状态进行判断失败，因为HTTP只要能返回状态说明该节点还可以正常连接，所以nginx判断其还是存活状态；除非添加了proxy_next_upstream指令设置对404、502、503、504、500和time out等错误进行转到备机处理，在next_upstream过程中，会对fails进行累加，如果备用机处理还是错误则直接返回错误信息（但404不进行记录到错误数，如果不配置错误状态也不对其进行错误状态记录），综述，nginx记录错误数量只记录timeout 、connect refuse、502、500、503、504这6种状态，timeout和connect refuse是永远被记录错误状态，而502、500、503、504只有在配置proxy_next_upstream后nginx才会记录这4种HTTP错误到fails中，当fails大于等于max_fails时，则该节点失效.

如果探测所有节点均失效，备机也为失效时，那么nginx会对所有节点恢复为有效，重新尝试探测有效节点，如果探测到有效节点则返回正确节点内容，如果还是全部错误，那么继续探测下去，当没有正确信息时，节点失效时默认返回状态为502，但是下次访问节点时会继续探测正确节点，直到找到正确的为止。

upstream test_server{
        server 192.168.99.100:80801;
        server 192.168.99.100:80802;
        server 192.168.99.100:80803;
    }
##for capture
location /api/test/demo{
            proxy_pass http://test_server/api/demo;
}    
location /api/demo{
            default_type application/json;
            content_by_lua_file conf/lua/demo.lua;
}

lua

local cjson = require "cjson.safe"
testres = ngx.location.capture("/api/test/demo",{
    method= ngx.HTTP_POST,
    body = "arg1=xxxx&arg2=xxxxx"
})
ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"status"..testres.status)
local testbody = cjson.decode(testres.body)
ngx.log(ngx.ERR,testbody==nil)

请求192.168.99.100:8080/api/demo,里头的lua会发起一个capture，请求/api/test/demo

请求一次

2017/02/09 14:48:57 [error] 5#5: *1 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80801/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [warn] 5#5: *1 upstream server temporarily disabled while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80801/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [error] 5#5: *1 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80802/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [warn] 5#5: *1 upstream server temporarily disabled while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80802/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [error] 5#5: *1 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80803/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [warn] 5#5: *1 upstream server temporarily disabled while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://192.168.99.100:80803/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"
2017/02/09 14:48:57 [error] 5#5: *1 [lua] demo.lua:44: status502 while sending to client, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"

对upstream逐个请求，都失败，则capture的subrequest返回502，对client返回的status code取决于lua脚本

再请求一次

2017/02/09 15:09:34 [error] 6#6: *11 no live upstreams while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.99.1, server: , request: "POST /api/demo HTTP/1.1", subrequest: "/api/test/demo", upstream: "http://test_server/api/demo", host: "192.168.99.100:8080"

该upstream下面的server都挂的情况下出现no live upstreams while connecting to upstream

ngx_http_upstream_module

nginx中健康检查(health_check)机制深入分析

nginx upstream 容错机制 原创-胡志广

线上nginx的一次“no live upstreams while connecting to upstream ”分析