摘要:本开发环境,全部基于安装。制作全新安装启动盘。插上盘,在终端执行是你的盘盘符,根据实际情况来。安装开发常用的包软件安装开发包升级一下系统自带的安装常用软件是个很不错的东西,推荐必须安装。
OS X Mavericks用了一年的Mac OS X了,之前不熟悉这个系统,用的是系统自带的PHP 以及DMG包安装的MySQL,时间长了,慢慢觉得MacBook的速度跟不上了,虽然关机次数不多,但是每次开机,或者唤醒电脑的时候,系统明显有一定时间的卡顿。特别表现在开机的时候。完全可以去泡一个来一桶了。 因此干掉MD101上的光驱,换上256G的Sandisk SSD, 干掉原厂的2G * 2,换上8G * 2 。 速度应该是杠杠的了,至少可以再服役2年吧。
趁着这次加硬盘的机会,就准备彻底重做开发环境。现在对Mac也有了一定的了解,特地记录一下本次的开发环境安装详情,给自己一个备忘,希望也可以帮助到刚接触Mac环境的同学们。本开发环境,全部基于HomeBrew安装。
主要软件版本:PHP5.5.14,Nginx 1.6.0,MySQL5.6.19
重新安装系统,在苹果商店下载好OS X Mavericks安装文件,然后准备一支16G的USB3.0 U盘。制作OS X Mavericks 全新安装启动U盘。
插上U盘,在终端执行:sudo /Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/untitled --applicationpath /Applications/Install OS X Mavericks.app --nointeraction
untitled 是你的u盘盘符,根据实际情况来。
Erasing Disk: 0%… 10%… 20%… 30%…100%… >Copying installer files to disk… Copy complete. Making disk bootable… Copying boot files… >Copy complete. >Done.
看到上面的信息说明启动盘制作成功。 安装起来so easy :)
Brew安装完成系统之后, 暂时还没有去迁移文件,由于本人喜好摄影,有大量RAW格式的原图在Aperture 的照片库中,尼康D800一张RAW文件有40M左右,到时候迁移照片库和照片流希望不要掉坑里了。 等开发环境搞定再说了,更新OS X系统到10.9.4 ,然后安装最新的Xcode, 以及在商店买过的软件。确定系统无问题了,进入下一步...
Brew 是 Mac 下面的包管理工具,通过 Github 托管适合 Mac 的编译配置以及 Patch,可以方便的安装开发工具。 Mac 自带ruby 所以安装起来很方便,同时它也会自动把git也给你装上。官方网站: http://brew.sh 。
安装完成之后,建议执行一下自检,brew doctor如果看到Your system is ready to brew. 那么你的brew已经可以开始使用了。
安装:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/mxcl/homebrew/go/install)"
自检:
brew doctor
常用命令: (所有软件以PHP5.5为例子)
brew update #更新brew可安装包,建议每次执行一下 brew search php55 #搜索php5.5 brew tap josegonzalez/php #安装扩展brew tap #查看安装的扩展列表 brew install php55 #安装php5.5 brew remove php55 #卸载php5.5 brew upgrade php55 #升级php5.5 brew options php55 #查看php5.5安装选项 brew info php55 #查看php5.5相关信息 brew home php55 #访问php5.5官方网站 brew services list #查看系统通过 brew 安装的服务 brew services cleanup #清除已卸载无用的启动配置文件 brew services restart php55 #重启php-fpm
注意:brew services 相关命令最好别经常用了,提示会被移除
➜ ~ brew services restart php55 Warning: brew services is unsupported and will be removed soon. You should use launchctl instead. Please feel free volunteer to support it in a tap. Stopping `php55`... (might take a while) ==> Successfully stopped `php55` (label: homebrew.mxcl.php55) ==> Successfully started `php55` (label: homebrew.mxcl.php55)Oh My Zsh
ohmyzsh & iTerm2两个神器,在Mac os x下是一定要装的. 两组配合起来使用,加上插件。简直是神一样的存在。 秒杀梅西,内马尔啊:) Oh 猛戳到官网
安装 oh my zsh
curl -L http://install.ohmyz.sh | sh
设置默认shell
查看系统支持的shell列表,Mac 10.9.4 自带了 zsh 5.0.2,Linux上得安装。
cat /etc/shells # List of acceptable shells for chpass(1). # Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using # one of these shells. /bin/bash /bin/csh /bin/ksh /bin/sh /bin/tcsh /bin/zsh zsh --version zsh 5.0.2 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.0) chsh -s /bin/zsh
homebrew-cask虽然Mac自带了zsh,如果你想要最新版的zsh,那么你用 brew install zsh安装一个最新的吧。/usr/local/bin/zsh --version zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0) 区别也不会很大, 默认的版本已经很新了。
安装cask:
brew tap phinze/homebrew-cask && brew install brew-cask
cask常用命令:
brew cask search #列出所有可以被安装的软件 brew cask search php #查找所有和php相关的应用 brew cask list #列出所有通过cask安装的软件 brew cask info phpstorm #查看 phpstorm 的信息 brew cask uninstall qq #卸载 QQ
这里谈谈cask对比Mac App Store的优势:
对常用软件支持更全面(特别是开发者),cask里面会给你一些惊喜;
软件更新速度快,一般都是最新版本 Store上很久很久才会更新版本;
命令安装感觉比打开Store方便,另外Store在国内的速度也是XXOO。
iTerm2安装iTerm2:
brew cask install iterm2
安装开发常用的包&软件上面提过的神器组合,更多使用方法请参考iTerm2官方文档, 这里就不详细说明了。
安装开发包
brew install wget watch tmux cmake openssl imagemagick graphicsmagick gearman geoip readline autoconf multitail source-highlight autojump zsh-completions sshfs
升级一下系统自带的vim
brew install ctags macvim --env-std --override-system-vim
安装常用软件
brew cask install alfred appcleaner firefox google-chrome phpstorm sublime-text sequel-pro sketch mplayerx thunder qq
MySQL PHP Nginx Redis MemcacheAlfred 是个很不错的东西,推荐必须安装。它默认搜索目录不包含brew cask安装的软件,因此手动将/opt/homebrew-cask添加到Alfred的搜索目录
前面做了这么多的准备工作,其实 zsh iTerm2 brew 等等这些由于篇幅以及能力有限,一时半会也讲不完,更多选择,更多欢乐,就在Google search,现在才入正题。come on :)
安装MySQL
brew install mysql
MySQL开机启动:
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist
安装完成之后开启MySQL安全机制:
/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
根据终端提示,输入root密码,然后依次确认一些安全选项。具体信息可以参考外国友人的这篇文章
#查看一下MySQL运行情况 ➜ ~ ps aux | grep mysql calvin 1695 0.0 0.5 2719864 90908 ?? S 1:38上午 0:00.31 /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19 --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19/lib/plugin --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --log-error=/usr/local/var/mysql/CalvinsMacBook-Pro.local.err --pid-file=/usr/local/var/mysql/CalvinsMacBook-Pro.local.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 calvin 1323 0.0 0.0 2444628 1020 ?? S 1:38上午 0:00.04 /bin/sh /usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql #测试连接MySQL mysql -uroot -p Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 23 Server version: 5.6.19-log Homebrew Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type "help;" or "h" for help. Type "c" to clear the current input statement. mysql>
安装phpmyadmin
brew install phpmyadmin
安装PHP
添加brew的PHP扩展库:
brew update brew tap homebrew/dupes brew tap josegonzalez/homebrew-php
可以使用brew options php55命令来查看安装php5.5的选项,这里我用下面的选项安装:
brew install php55 --with-fpm --with-gmp --with-imap --with-tidy --with-debug --with-mysql --with-libmysql
PHP编译过程中如果遇到configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL"s
错误,执行xcode-select --install 重新安装一下Xcode Command Line Tools 在GitHub HomeBrew上有关于这个讨论:
For future reference of anybody looking for Command Line Tools with Xcode 5, open up a Terminal window and type xcode-select --install. A window will appear informing you command line tools are required. Click Install and you should be good to go
等待PHP编译完成,开始安装PHP常用扩展,扩展安装过程中brew会自动安装依赖包,例如php55-pdo-pgsql 会自动装上postgresql,这里我安装以下PHP扩展:
brew install php55-apcu php55-gearman php55-geoip php55-gmagick php55-imagick php55-intl php55-mcrypt php55-memcache php55-memcached php55-mongo php55-opcache php55-pdo-pgsql php55-phalcon php55-redis php55-sphinx php55-swoole php55-uuid php55-xdebug;
扩展里面提一下php55-phalcon 和 php55-swoole. 一个是C语言写的PHP框架,安装来个人摸索熟悉一下,还没有真正的使用过,大致看了一下文档,感觉非常吊炸天。目前公司的项目是基于Yii2的,也看看这个框架。 另外一个swoole是国产的PHP高性能网络通信框架,貌似不错,可能在项目中会考虑用到它。
由于Mac自带了php和php-fpm,因此需要添加系统环境变量PATH来替代自带PHP版本。
echo "export PATH="$(brew --prefix php55)/bin:$PATH"" >> ~/.bash_profile #for php echo "export PATH="$(brew --prefix php55)/sbin:$PATH"" >> ~/.bash_profile #for php-fpm echo "export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbib:$PATH"" >> ~/.bash_profile #for other brew install soft source ~/.bash_profile
测试一下效果:
#brew安装的php 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/bin/php php -v PHP 5.5.14 (cli) (built: Jul 16 2014 15:43:06) (DEBUG) Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.0.3, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans #Mac自带的PHP /usr/bin/php -v PHP 5.4.24 (cli) (built: Jan 19 2014 21:32:15) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies #brew安装的php-fpm 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/sbin/php-fpm php-fpm -v PHP 5.5.14 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jul 16 2014 15:43:12) (DEBUG) Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.0.3, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans #Mac自带的php-fpm /usr/sbin/php-fpm -v PHP 5.4.24 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jan 19 2014 21:32:57) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
修改php-fpm配置文件,vim /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf,找到pid相关大概在25行,去掉注释 pid = run/php-fpm.pid, 那么php-fpm的pid文件就会自动产生在/usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid,下面要安装的Nginx pid文件也放在这里。
#测试php-fpm配置 php-fpm -t php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -t #启动php-fpm php-fpm -D php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -D #关闭php-fpm kill -INT `cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid` #重启php-fpm kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid` #也可以用上文提到的brew命令来重启php-fpm,不过他官方不推荐用这个命令了 brew services restart php55 #还可以用这个命令来启动php-fpm launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist
启动php-fpm之后,确保它正常运行监听9000端口:
lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php php-fpm 30907 calvin 9u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN) php-fpm 30917 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN) php-fpm 30918 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN) php-fpm 30919 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN) #正常情况,会看到上面这些进程
PHP-FPM开机启动:
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php55/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist
安装php composer
brew install composer #检查一下情况 composer --version Composer version 1.0.0-alpha8 2014-01-06 18:39:59
redis memcached这些软件brew 已经自动依赖安装上,如果想开机自动启动,或者查看使用说明 brew info redis即可。另外,composer的中文文档:猛戳这里
安装Nginx
brew install nginx --with-http_geoip_module
Nginx启动关闭命令:
#测试配置是否有语法错误 nginx -t #打开 nginx sudo nginx #重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit #也可以使用Mac的launchctl来启动|停止 launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx监听80端口需要root权限执行,因此:
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx
配置nginx.conf
创建需要用到的目录:
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl sudo mkdir -p /var/www sudo chown :staff /var/www sudo chmod 775 /var/www
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 输入以下内容:
worker_processes 1; error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug; pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 256; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main "$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" " "$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" " ""$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for""; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }
设置nginx php-fpm配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm #proxy the php scripts to php-fpm location ~ .php$ { try_files $uri = 404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; }
nginx虚拟主机准备工作
#创建 info.php index.html 404.html 403.html文件到 /var/www 下面 vi /var/www/info.php vi /var/www/index.html vi /var/www/403.html vi /var/www/404.html
创建默认虚拟主机default
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default输入:
server { listen 80; server_name localhost; root /var/www/; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default.access.log main; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; autoindex on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } location = /info { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; rewrite (.*) /.info.php; } error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 403 /403.html; }
创建ssl默认虚拟主机default-ssl
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl输入:
server { listen 443; server_name localhost; root /var/www/; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default-ssl.access.log main; ssl on; ssl_certificate ssl/localhost.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl/localhost.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } location = /info { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; rewrite (.*) /.info.php; } error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 403 /403.html; }
创建phpmyadmin虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin #输入以下配置 server { listen 306; server_name localhost; root /usr/local/share/phpmyadmin; error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.error.log; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.access.log main; ssl on; ssl_certificate ssl/phpmyadmin.crt; ssl_certificate_key ssl/phpmyadmin.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } }
设置SSL
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=localhost" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.crt openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=phpmyadmin" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.crt
创建虚拟主机软连接,开启虚拟主机
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default-ssl ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/phpmyadmin
启动|停止Nginx
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
接下来你可以通过下面这些连接访问:
设置快捷服务控制命令
http://localhost/ -> index.html
http://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();
http://localhost/404 -> 404.html
https://localhost/ -> index.html(SSL)
https://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();(SSL)
https://localhost/404 -> 404.html(SSL)
https://localhost:306 -> phpmyadmin(SSL)
为了后面管理方便,将命令 alias 下,vim ~/.bash_aliases 输入一下内容:
alias nginx.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist" alias nginx.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist" alias nginx.restart="nginx.stop && nginx.start" alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.restart="php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start" alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.restart="mysql.stop && mysql.start" alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.restart="redis.stop && redis.start" alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.restart="memcached.stop && memcached.start"
#让快捷命令生效 echo "[[ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]] && . ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bash_profile #创建站点目录到主目录,方便快捷访问 ln -sfv /var/www ~/htdocs
有时间会进一步整理一下,感觉有点乱,第一次在segmentfault上码字,写到一半的时候不小心滑一下触摸板,浏览器后退了,虽然有提示不要离开,点击了不离开之后,Safari白屏。 然后还特地去吐了个槽, 害我白白又浪费很久来写这个博客。希望能帮助到刚刚接触Mac的同学。enjoy Mac‘s development EVN :)
参考资料:Install Nginx, PHP-FPM, MySQL and phpMyAdmin on OS X Mavericks using Homebrew
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摘要:本开发环境,全部基于安装。制作全新安装启动盘。插上盘,在终端执行是你的盘盘符,根据实际情况来。安装开发常用的包软件安装开发包升级一下系统自带的安装常用软件是个很不错的东西,推荐必须安装。 用了一年的Mac OS X了,之前不熟悉这个系统,用的是系统自带的PHP 以及DMG包安装的MySQL,时间长了,慢慢觉得MacBook的速度跟不上了,虽然关机次数不多,但是每次开机,或者唤醒电...
摘要:既然是从零开始,那么就把作为统一的安装工具。下面附上安装方法安装好之后,就可以开始搭建环境了。环境安装比较简单安装好之后,首先要启动服务。和一起安装,我们先去安装,再做相关配置。成功解析还差一步,就是修改配置文件。 既然是从零开始,那么就把 homebrew 作为统一的安装工具。如果你不知道 homebrew 是什么东东,移步这里。下面附上 homebrew 安装方法: /usr/bi...
摘要:既然是从零开始,那么就把作为统一的安装工具。下面附上安装方法安装好之后,就可以开始搭建环境了。环境安装比较简单安装好之后,首先要启动服务。和一起安装,我们先去安装,再做相关配置。成功解析还差一步,就是修改配置文件。 既然是从零开始,那么就把 homebrew 作为统一的安装工具。如果你不知道 homebrew 是什么东东,移步这里。下面附上 homebrew 安装方法: /usr/bi...
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