Python 爬虫-模拟登录知乎-爬取拉勾网职位信息

摘要：本文代码地址爬取豆瓣电影爬取拉勾网职位信息模拟登陆知乎为什么没人给我点赞。职位名职位信息运行结果模拟登录知乎通过开发者工具，获取的数据。

我开通了公众号【智能制造专栏】，以后技术类文章会发在专栏。
用Python写爬虫是很方便的,最近看了xlzd.me的文章，他的文章写的很到位，提供了很好的思路。因为他的文章部分代码省略了。下面是基于他的文章的三个代码片段:
基于Python3,Python2的话需要修改下input输入函数和print的用法。本文github代码地址

爬取豆瓣电影top250

爬取拉勾网职位信息

模拟登陆知乎

为什么没人给我点赞。？！

有些代码做了更改。其中把获取的数据存储到excel中。关于存取数据到excel可以看我的另一篇文章：。

用到的库

requests

Beautiful Soup

openpyxl

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding=utf-8
import requests,re
import codecs
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
dest_filename = "电影.xlsx"
ws1 = wb.active  
ws1.title = "电影top250"

DOWNLOAD_URL = "http://movie.douban.com/top250/"

def download_page(url):
    """获取url地址页面内容"""
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36"
    }
    data = requests.get(url, headers=headers).content
    return data


def get_li(doc):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(doc, "html.parser")
    ol = soup.find("ol", class_="grid_view")
    name = [] #名字
    star_con = [] #评价人数
    score = []  #评分
    info_list = []  #短评
    for i in ol.find_all("li"):
        detail = i.find("div", attrs={"class": "hd"})
        movie_name = detail.find("span", attrs={"class": "title"}).get_text() #电影名字
        level_star = i.find("span",attrs={"class":"rating_num"}).get_text() #评分
        star = i.find("div",attrs={"class":"star"})
        star_num = star.find(text=re.compile("评价"))  #评价

        info = i.find("span",attrs={"class":"inq"})  #短评
        if info:     #判断是否有短评
            info_list.append(info.get_text())
        else:
            info_list.append("无")
        score.append(level_star)
        

        name.append(movie_name)
        star_con.append(star_num)
    page = soup.find("span", attrs={"class": "next"}).find("a") #获取下一页
    if page:
        return name,star_con,score,info_list,DOWNLOAD_URL + page["href"]
    return name,star_con,score,info_list,None


def main():
    url = DOWNLOAD_URL
    name = []
    star_con=[]
    score = []
    info = []
    while url:
        doc = download_page(url)
        movie,star,level_num,info_list,url = get_li(doc)
        name = name + movie
        star_con = star_con + star
        score = score+level_num
        info = info+ info_list
    for (i,m,o,p) in zip(name,star_con,score,info):
        col_A = "A%s"%(name.index(i)+1)
        col_B = "B%s"%(name.index(i)+1)
        col_C = "C%s"%(name.index(i)+1)
        col_D = "D%s"%(name.index(i)+1)
        ws1[col_A]=i
        ws1[col_B] = m
        ws1[col_C] = o
        ws1[col_D] = p
    wb.save(filename=dest_filename)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

结果如下：

职位信息存储在json中，获取到json对象，再从中遍历出公司名、地址、待遇等信息。

import requests
from openpyxl import Workbook

def get_json(url, page, lang_name):
    data = {"first": "true", "pn": page, "kd": lang_name}
    json = requests.post(url, data).json()
    list_con = json["content"]["positionResult"]["result"]
    info_list = []
    for i in list_con:
        info = []
        info.append(i["companyShortName"])
        info.append(i["companyName"])
        info.append(i["salary"])
        info.append(i["city"])
        info.append(i["education"])
        info_list.append(info)
    return info_list


def main():
    lang_name = input("职位名：")
    page = 1
    url = "http://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false"
    info_result = []
    while page < 31:
        info = get_json(url, page, lang_name)
        info_result = info_result + info
        page += 1
    wb = Workbook()
    ws1 = wb.active
    ws1.title = lang_name
    for row in info_result:
        ws1.append(row)
    wb.save("职位信息.xlsx")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

运行结果：

通过开发者工具，获取post的数据。

import requests,time
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def get_captcha(data):
    with open("captcha.gif","wb") as fp:
        fp.write(data)
    return input("输入验证码：")

def login(username,password,oncaptcha):
    sessiona = requests.Session()
    headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0"}
    _xsrf = BeautifulSoup(sessiona.get("https://www.zhihu.com/#signin",headers=headers).content,"html.parser").find("input",attrs={"name":"_xsrf"}).get("value")
    captcha_content = sessiona.get("https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=%d&type=login"%(time.time()*1000),headers=headers).content
    data = {
        "_xsrf":_xsrf,
        "email":username,
        "password":password,
        "remember_me":True,
        "captcha":oncaptcha(captcha_content)
    }
    resp = sessiona.post("https://www.zhihu.com/login/email",data,headers=headers).content
    print(resp)
    return resp 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    login("your_email","your_password",get_captcha)

运行后会在运行目录下得到验证码图片：

输入验证码后得到如下响应结果表明登录成功。