Hive的安装及配置

摘要：本文将逐一介绍连接这三种数据库数据库的安装和配置。配置环境变量在文件中添加如下内容，执行使其生效。

title: Hive的安装及配置
summary: 关键词：Hive ubuntu 安装和配置 Derby MySQL PostgreSQL 数据库连接
date: 2019-5-19 13:25
urlname: 2019051903
author: foochane
img: /medias/featureimages/19.jpg
categories: 大数据
tags:

hive

大数据

本文作者：foochane 
本文链接：https://foochane.cn/article/2019051903.html

在安装hive之前，需要安装hadoop集群环境，如果没有可以查看：Hadoop分布式集群的搭建

注意：本文的hive 、MySQL、PostgreSQL均只安装在Master节点上，实际生产环境中，需根据实际情况调整

Hive默认元数据保存在内嵌的 Derby 数据库中，这是最简单的一种存储方式，使用derby存储方式时，运行hive会在当前目录生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录。Derby 数据库中，只能允许一个会话连接，只适合简单的测试,实际生产环境中不适用。 为了支持多用户会话，则需要一个独立的元数据库，使用 MySQL 或者PostgreSQL作为元数据库，Hive 内部对 MySQL和PostgreSQL提供了很好的支持。

本文将逐一介绍hive连接Derby、PostgreSQL、MySQL这三种数据库数据库的安装和配置。

$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-2.3.5-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bigdata & cd /usr/local/bigdata
$ mv apache-hive-2.3.5-bin hive-2.3.5
$ sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop hive #之前bigdata目录已经修改过权限了

要修改的文件在/usr/local/hive-2.3.5/conf目录下，需要修改hive-site.xml、hive-env.sh、hive-log4j2.properties这3个文件。

先把.template文件复制一份出来，然后进行修改。

$ cd /usr/local/hive-2.3.5/conf
$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
$ cp hive-log4j.properties.template hive-log4j.properties

配置Derby只需要修改javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL指定metastore_db的存储位置即可
具体修改如下：

    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
    jdbc:derby:;databaseName=/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/metastore/metastore_db;create=true
    
      JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore.
      To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL.
      For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database.
    

添加：

export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.1
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/conf

日志配置可以先默认，暂时不修改什么。

在 ~/.bashrc文件中添加如下内容，执行source ~/.bashrc使其生效。

export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/bin

注意先启动hadoop集群

$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /tmp
$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse
$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp

初始化元数据数据库

$ schematool -initSchema -dbType derby

成功初始化应该出现如下内容：

$ schematool -initSchema -dbType derby
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL:        jdbc:derby:;databaseName=/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/metastore/metastore_db;create=true
Metastore Connection Driver :    org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
Metastore connection User:       APP
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.derby.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completed

启动hive

$ hive

如果成功运行将出现如下内容：

$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/conf/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive>
    >

创建表

create table t1(
     id      int
    ,name    string
    ,hobby   array
    ,add     map
    )
    row format delimited
    fields terminated by ","
    collection items terminated by "-"
    map keys terminated by ":"
    ;

hive>
    >
    >
    > show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 22.279 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> create table t1(
    >     id      int
    >    ,name    string
    >    ,hobby   array
    >    ,add     map
    > )
    > row format delimited
    > fields terminated by ","
    > collection items terminated by "-"
    > map keys terminated by ":"
    > ;
OK
Time taken: 1.791 seconds
hive>

至此，以Derby做元数据库的hive连接方式就配置完成了。

下面介绍如何将hive连接到PostgreSQL和MySQL

执行如下命令：

$ sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib

安装完成后默认会有一个postgres的用户，且没有密码，作为管理员

$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql
$ sudo systemctl start postgresql

hadoop@Master:~$ sudo -i -u postgres
postgres@Master:~$ psql
psql (10.8 (Ubuntu 10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# help
You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL.
Type:  copyright for distribution terms
       h for help with SQL commands
       ? for help with psql commands
       g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
       q to quit
postgres=#

$ sudo apt-get install libpostgresql-jdbc-java
$ ln -s /usr/share/java/postgresql-jdbc4.jar /usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib

修改 /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf文件

# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
#local   all             postgres                                peer
local   all             postgres                                trust

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
#local   all             all                                     peer
local   all             all                                     trust
# IPv4 local connections:
#host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
# IPv6 local connections:
#host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5
host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#local   replication     all                                     peer
#local   replication     all                                     peer
#local   replication     all                                     peer
local   replication     all                                     trust
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 trust

先创建一个名为hiveuser的用户，密码:123456，

然后创建一个名为metastore的数据库：

$ sudo -u postgres psql 

postgres=# CREATE USER hiveuser WITH PASSWORD "123456";
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE metastore;

测试用户和数据库是否能登录

$ psql -h localhost -U hiveuser -d pymetastore

登录成功说明配置完成

hadoop@Master:~$  psql -h localhost -U hiveuser -d metastore
Password for user hive:
psql (10.8 (Ubuntu 10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1))
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.2, cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.

pymetastore=>

之前配置的是以Derby做元数据库，现在同样也是修改hive-site.xml文件。
首先在开头添加如下内容：

  
    system:java.io.tmpdir
    /tmp/hive/java
  
 
    system:user.name
    ${user.name}
 

然后修改如下属性：

具体如下：

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
    jdbc:postgresql://localhost/metastore
    
      JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore.
      To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL.
      For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database.
    
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName
    org.postgresql.Driver
    Driver class name for a JDBC metastore
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName
    hiveuser
    Username to use against metastore database
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword
    123456
    password to use against metastore database
  

先运行schematool进行初始化：

schematool -dbType postgres -initSchema

然后执行$ hive 启动hive。

创建表格进行测试

hadoop@Master:~$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.7/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Logging initialized using configuration in file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/conf/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: You have loaded library /usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.7/lib/native/libhadoop.so which might have disabled stack guard. The VM will try to fix the stack guard now.
It"s highly recommended that you fix the library with "execstack -c ", or link it with "-z noexecstack".
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive>
    > show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 12.294 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> create table t1(
    >     id      int
    >    ,name    string
    >    ,hobby   array
    >    ,add     map
    > )
    > row format delimited
    > fields terminated by ","
    > collection items terminated by "-"
    > map keys terminated by ":"
    > ;
OK
Time taken: 1.239 seconds
hive> Connection reset by 192.168.233.200 port 22

查看是否创建成功：

$ psql -h localhost -U hiveuser -d metastore
psql (10.8 (Ubuntu 10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1))
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.2, cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.

metastore=> SELECT * from "TBLS";
 TBL_ID | CREATE_TIME | DB_ID | LAST_ACCESS_TIME | OWNER  | RETENTION | SD_ID | TBL_NAME |   TBL_TYPE    | VIEW_EXPANDED_TEXT | VIEW_ORIGINAL_TEXT | IS_REWRITE_ENABLED
--------+-------------+-------+------------------+--------+-----------+-------+----------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
      1 |  1560074934 |     1 |                0 | hadoop |         0 |     1 | t1       | MANAGED_TABLE |                    |                    | f
(1 row)

$ sudo apt install mysql-server

如果没有设置密码的话，设置密码。

这里密码设置为hadoop

$ mysql -u root -p

用来存放Hive的元数据。

与Hive配置文件hive-site.xml中的 mysql://localhost:3306/metastore 对应

#建立数据库和用户
mysql> create database if not exists metastore;
mysql> CREATE USER "hiveuser"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY "123456";

#设置远程登录的权限
mysql> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM "hiveuser"@"localhost";
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON metastore.* TO "hiveuser"@"localhost";

#刷新配置
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit;

$ sudo apt-get install libmysql-java
$ ln -s /usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java-5.1.45.jar /usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib

首先在开头添加如下内容：

  
    system:java.io.tmpdir
    /tmp/hive/java
  
 
    system:user.name
    ${user.name}
 

然后修改如下属性：

具体如下：

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
    jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/metastore?useSSL=true
    
      JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore.
      To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL.
      For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database.
    
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName
    com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    Driver class name for a JDBC metastore
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName
    hiveuser
    Username to use against metastore database
  

  
    javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword
    123456
    password to use against metastore database
  

先初始化

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

和前面一样，执行

$ hive

初始化derby时报如下错误，提示没有hive-exec-*.jar

hadoop@Master:~$ schematool -initSchema -dbType derby
Missing Hive Execution Jar: /usr/local/biddata/hive-2.3.5/lib/hive-exec-*.jar

解决:

检查该目录下是否确实不存在hive-exec-2.35.jar，如果不存在，下载一个放到该目录下。
下载地址：https://mvnrepository.com/art...
如果存在，那一定是环境变量配置有问题，查看HIVE_HOME及$HIVE_HOME/bin是否配置正确。

报错：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.na
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:205)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.(Path.java:171)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:659)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:582)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:549)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:750)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:686)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
        at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
        at java.net.URI.checkPath(URI.java:1823)
        at java.net.URI.(URI.java:745)
        at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:202)
        ... 12 more

解决

在hive-site.xml文件开头加入如下配置：

    system:java.io.tmpdir
    /tmp/hive/java
  

    system:user.name
    ${user.name}

执行$ schematool -dbType postgres -initSchema时报错

hadoop@Master:~$ schematool -dbType postgres -initSchema
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.7/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL:        jdbc:postgresql://localhost/pymetastore
Metastore Connection Driver :    org.postgresql.Driver
Metastore connection User:       hive
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.postgres.sql
Error: ERROR: relation "BUCKETING_COLS" already exists (state=42P07,code=0)
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Schema initialization FAILED! Metastore state would be inconsistent !!
Underlying cause: java.io.IOException : Schema script failed, errorcode 2
Use --verbose for detailed stacktrace.
*** schemaTool failed ***

另外也会有这个错：

Error: ERROR: relation "txns" already exists (state=42P07,code=0)
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Schema initialization FAILED! Metastore state would be inconsistent !!
Underlying cause: java.io.IOException : Schema script failed, errorcode 2
Use --verbose for detailed stacktrace.
*** schemaTool failed ***

这个问题，我尝试了很久也没有找到原因，网上有说是hive版本的原因，我换了hive-1.2.1 、hive-1.2.2 等低版本的hive，依然时候有这个问题。
最后是重新创建用户和数据库就没有这个问题了，感觉是数据库有冲突。

Error: Duplicate key name "PCS_STATS_IDX" (state=42000,code=1061)
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Schema initialization FAILED! Metastore state would be inconsistent !!
Underlying cause: java.io.IOException : Schema script failed, errorcode 2
Use --verbose for detailed stacktrace.
*** schemaTool failed ***

解决：

注意使用MySQL存储元数据的时候，使用root用户有可能权限不够，会报错。另外，$ schematool -dbType postgres -initSchema执行一次就好了。