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使用kubeadm部署kubernetes集群

chuyao / 1952人阅读

摘要:在节点上执行命令使用节点执行命令的输出,在上执行,使其加入集群。在两个节点上,执行完毕上述命令后,在上查看部署成功。部署完成后的观察检查现在正在运行的可以发现,,,运行在上,在三个节点上均有运行在三个节点均有运行

集群规划 网络配置

节点网络: 192.168.18.0/24

service网络: 10.96.0.0/12

pod网络: 10.244.0.0/16

etcd

部署在master节点上。

部署方法: ansible部署

github上有人将部署方式用playbook实现。

使用kubeadm部署 基本情况

kubeadm项目链接地址

master、node: 安装kuberlet, kubeadm, docker

master: kubeadm init

node: kubeadm join

apiserver,scheduler,Controller-manager,etcd在master上以Pod运行

kubeproxy以Pod方式运行在每一个node节点上。

以上pod均为静态Pod

每一个节点都需要运行flannel(也是以Pod方式运行),以提供Pod网络

kubeadm的介绍

安装步骤

master,node需要安装kubelet, kubeadm, docker

master节点上运行 kubeadm init

node节点上运行 kubeadm join 加入集群

开始部署 我的环境
[root@master yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
[root@master yum.repos.d]# uname -a
Linux master 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
节点解析

通过hosts文件解析

192.168.18.128 master.test.com master
192.168.18.129 node01.test.com node01
192.168.18.130 node02.test.com node02

集群通过时间服务器做时钟同步,我没做。

节点互信

可以按照此文档配置节点互信。

选择版本

使用kubernetes v1.11.2

开始 确保iptables firewalld等未启动,且不开机自启动 配置yum仓库

使用aliyun源,链接

docker源使用如下命令获取
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
kubernetes源
[root@master yum.repos.d]# cat kubernetes.repo 
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes Repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
enabled=1
查看源是否生效
# yum clean all
# yum repolist
*****
*****
Determining fastest mirrors
kubernetes                                                         243/243
repo id                         repo name                            status
base/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com            9,911
docker-ce-stable/x86_64         Docker CE Stable - x86_64               16
extras/7/x86_64                 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com            370
kubernetes                      Kubernetes Repo                        243
updates/7/x86_64                CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com         1,054
repolist: 11,594
安装软件

三台机器都需要安装

使用 yum install docker-ce kubelet kubeadm kubectl 安装

安装的软件包如下:

  Installing : kubectl-1.11.2-0.x86_64                                 1/7 
  Installing : cri-tools-1.11.0-0.x86_64                               2/7 
  Installing : socat-1.7.3.2-2.el7.x86_64                              3/7 
  Installing : kubernetes-cni-0.6.0-0.x86_64                           4/7 
  Installing : kubelet-1.11.2-0.x86_64                                 5/7 
  Installing : kubeadm-1.11.2-0.x86_64                                 6/7 
  Installing : docker-ce-18.06.0.ce-3.el7.x86_64                       7/7 
启动docker服务等

由于国内网络原因,kubernetes的镜像托管在google云上,无法直接下载,需要设置proxy
/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 文件中添加如下两行

[root@master ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service |grep PROXY
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://www.ik8s.io:10080"
Environment="NO_PROXY=127.0.0.0/8,192.168.18.0/24"

之后,启动docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
确认proc的这两个参数如下,均为1:
[root@master ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables 
1
[root@master ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables 
1
设置kubelet

查看kubelet安装生成了哪些文件

[root@master ~]# rpm -ql kubelet
/etc/kubernetes/manifests              # 清单目录
/etc/sysconfig/kubelet                 # 配置文件
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service    # unit file
/usr/bin/kubelet                       # 主程序

默认的配置文件

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=

修改kubelet的配置文件

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--fail-swap-on=false"

此时还无法正常启动kubelet,先设置kubelet开机自启动,使用如下命令: systemctl enable kubelet

kubeadm init

在master节点上执行

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.11.2 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap

kubeadm init的输出可见于此链接

此命令,下载了如下image

[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                 TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64                v1.11.2             46a3cd725628        7 days ago          97.8MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64            v1.11.2             821507941e9c        7 days ago          187MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64   v1.11.2             38521457c799        7 days ago          155MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64            v1.11.2             37a1403e6c1a        7 days ago          56.8MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns                         1.1.3               b3b94275d97c        2 months ago        45.6MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64                      3.2.18              b8df3b177be2        4 months ago        219MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause                           3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        7 months ago        742kB

现在,正在运行的docker如下

[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1c03e043e6b7        46a3cd725628           "/usr/local/bin/kube??   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_kube-proxy_kube-proxy-6fgjm_kube-system_f85e8660-a090-11e8-8ee7-000c29f71e04_0
5f166bd11566        k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1   "/pause"                 3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_POD_kube-proxy-6fgjm_kube-system_f85e8660-a090-11e8-8ee7-000c29f71e04_0
0f306f98cc52        b8df3b177be2           "etcd --advertise-cl??   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_etcd_etcd-master_kube-system_2cc1c8a24b68ab9b46bca47e153e74c6_0
8f01317b9e20        37a1403e6c1a           "kube-scheduler --ad??   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_kube-scheduler_kube-scheduler-master_kube-system_a00c35e56ebd0bdfcd77d53674a5d2a1_0
4e6a71ab20d3        821507941e9c           "kube-apiserver --au??   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_kube-apiserver_kube-apiserver-master_kube-system_d25d40ebb427821464356bb27a38f487_0
69e4c5dae335        38521457c799           "kube-controller-man??   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_kube-controller-manager_kube-controller-manager-master_kube-system_6363f7ebf727b0b95d9a9ef72516a0e5_0
da5981dc546a        k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1   "/pause"                 3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_POD_kube-controller-manager-master_kube-system_6363f7ebf727b0b95d9a9ef72516a0e5_0
b7a8fdc35029        k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1   "/pause"                 3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_POD_kube-apiserver-master_kube-system_d25d40ebb427821464356bb27a38f487_0
b09efc7ff7bd        k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1   "/pause"                 3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_POD_kube-scheduler-master_kube-system_a00c35e56ebd0bdfcd77d53674a5d2a1_0
ab11d6ffadab        k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1   "/pause"                 3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            k8s_POD_etcd-master_kube-system_2cc1c8a24b68ab9b46bca47e153e74c6_0

node节点可以通过如下命令加入集群 kubeadm join 192.168.18.128:6443 --token n84v6t.c7d83cn4mo2z8wyr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b946c145416fe1995e1d4d002c149e71a897acc7b106d94cee2920cb2c85ce29

在kubeadm init的输出中,提示我们需要以普通用户做如下操作,我此时用root执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

此时可以通过 kubelet get 获取各种资源信息。比如

[root@master ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health": "true"} 

此时的监听状态

[root@master ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:2379                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:10251                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:2380                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:10252                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128       *:22                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:33881                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    192.168.18.128:10010                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:10248                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:10249                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128      :::6443                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128      :::10256                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128      :::22                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100     ::1:25                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128      :::10250                :::*         

此时的节点状态

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS     ROLES     AGE       VERSION
master    NotReady   master    9m        v1.11.2

状态为 NotReady , 需要部署 flannel,链接

部署flannel

在文档中,找到如下命令,部署

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created

按如下方法查看:

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n  kube-system
NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-78fcdf6894-cv4gp         1/1       Running   0          13m
coredns-78fcdf6894-wmd25         1/1       Running   0          13m
etcd-master                      1/1       Running   0          49s
kube-apiserver-master            1/1       Running   0          49s
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1       Running   0          48s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-r42wr      1/1       Running   0          2m
kube-proxy-6fgjm                 1/1       Running   0          13m
kube-scheduler-master            1/1       Running   0          48s
[root@master ~]# docker images |grep flannel
quay.io/coreos/flannel                     v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        6 months ago        44.6MB
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
master    Ready     master    14m       v1.11.2

此时master节点状态变为 Ready

在node节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令

使用master节点执行 kubeadm init 命令的输出,在node上执行,使其加入集群。

[root@node01 ~]#   kubeadm join 192.168.18.128:6443 --token n84v6t.c7d83cn4mo2z8wyr --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b946c145416fe1995e1d4d002c149e71a897acc7b106d94cee2920cb2c85ce29 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap

[preflight] running pre-flight checks
    [WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{} ip_vs:{} ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{}]
you can solve this problem with following methods:
 1. Run "modprobe -- " to load missing kernel modules;
2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support

    [WARNING Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap
I0815 22:02:30.751069   15460 kernel_validator.go:81] Validating kernel version
I0815 22:02:30.751145   15460 kernel_validator.go:96] Validating kernel config
    [WARNING SystemVerification]: docker version is greater than the most recently validated version. Docker version: 18.06.0-ce. Max validated version: 17.03
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "192.168.18.128:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://192.168.18.128:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://192.168.18.128:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "192.168.18.128:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "192.168.18.128:6443"
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.11" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "node01" as an annotation

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to master and a response
  was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run "kubectl get nodes" on the master to see this node join the cluster.

在两个节点上,执行完毕上述命令后,在master上查看

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
master    Ready     master    23m       v1.11.2
node01    Ready         2m        v1.11.2
node02    Ready         1m        v1.11.2

部署成功。

部署完成后的观察 检查现在正在运行的pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                             READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP               NODE      NOMINATED NODE
coredns-78fcdf6894-cv4gp         1/1       Running   0          28m       10.244.0.3       master    
coredns-78fcdf6894-wmd25         1/1       Running   0          28m       10.244.0.2       master    
etcd-master                      1/1       Running   0          15m       192.168.18.128   master    
kube-apiserver-master            1/1       Running   0          15m       192.168.18.128   master    
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1       Running   0          15m       192.168.18.128   master    
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-48rvq      1/1       Running   3          6m        192.168.18.130   node02    
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7dw42      1/1       Running   3          7m        192.168.18.129   node01    
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-r42wr      1/1       Running   0          16m       192.168.18.128   master    
kube-proxy-6fgjm                 1/1       Running   0          28m       192.168.18.128   master    
kube-proxy-6mngv                 1/1       Running   0          7m        192.168.18.129   node01    
kube-proxy-9sh2n                 1/1       Running   0          6m        192.168.18.130   node02    
kube-scheduler-master            1/1       Running   0          15m       192.168.18.128   master    

可以发现:

kube-apiserver, kube-scheduler, kube-controller,etcd-master运行在master上,

kube-flannel在三个节点上均有运行

kube-proxy 在三个节点均有运行

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