摘要:因为这次上线的网站没有什么并发量,方式要比的方式快而且消耗资源少,所以我还是采用方式。
上线前准备 购买服务器,目前选择的是阿里云服务器,选择的是入门型1核1G实例
配置SSH连接目前没什么活动,三年1400软妹币
服务器配置增加本机ssh连接配置,一般激活实例后,ssh的22端口是默认开放的,可以直接通过root用户进行登录配置部署环境
登录到服务器后,将自己的公钥加入到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 配置文件中就可直接通过秘钥进行登录
上线流程 - 环境搭建 安装Mysql5.5服务器系统版本:CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
内存:1G
CPU:1核
硬盘:40G
因为服务器配置有点低,所以这边选择安装比较低的mysql版本。从CentOS 7.0发布以来,yum源中开始使用mariadb来代替MySQL的安装。即使你输入的是yum install mysql , 显示的也是mariadb的安装内容,因此,如果使用yum安装MySQL的话,就需要去下载官方指定的yum源。
网址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/。
先卸载mariadb,查看mariadb是否已经安装
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 @anaconda
进行卸载
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# yum -y remove mariadb* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Resolving Dependencies ...... **省略过程** Removed: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Dependency Removed: postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.1-27.el7.centos.1 Complete!
获取yum源和数据库安装(官方指南)
wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm #MySQL5.5yum源
安装yum源
rpm -ivh mysql-5.5-community/el/6/x86_64/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
安装好yum源后,需要修改一下配置文件,文件路径在 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo,要将5.5的enabled改为1,而5.6的enabled改为0
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5 [mysql55-community] name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql # Enable to use MySQL 5.6 [mysql56-community] name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql # Note: MySQL 5.7 is currently in development. For use at your own risk. # Please read with sub pages: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/ [mysql57-community-dmr] name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server Development Milestone Release baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
修改后保存退出,开始安装MySQL。在安装之前,可以查看下是否已有MySQL可安装文件
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*" mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 49 mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 61 mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server 449
安装mysql
# 安装client,devel,server yum install mysql-community-client mysql-community-devel mysql-community-server
安装完毕后,可以查看下当前mysql版本
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# rpm -qi mysql-community-server Name : mysql-community-server Version : 5.5.60 Release : 2.el6 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: 2018年05月05日 星期六 16:26:00 ......
启动mysql
执行 service mysqld start 启动mysql
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# service mysqld start Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
ok,mysql安装完毕
常用命令:systemctl start mysqld #启动mysqld
systemctl stop mysqld #停止mysqld
systemctl restart mysqld #重启mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld #设置开机启动
systemctl status mysqld #查看 MySQL Server 状态
数据库安全设置
设置mysql root账户密码
# mysqladmin -u root password "new password"
重新登录mysql报如下错误
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user "root"@"localhost" (using password: YES)
执行如下命令进行解决
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# systemctl stop mysqld **关闭mysql服务** [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# mysqld --user=root --skip-grant-tables & **关闭skip-grant-tables** [1] 32163 [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# 180505 16:57:08 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.5.60) starting as process 32163 ... 180505 16:57:08 [Note] Plugin "FEDERATED" is disabled. 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 180505 16:57:08 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 180505 16:57:09 InnoDB: 5.5.60 started; log sequence number 1595675 180505 16:57:09 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): "0.0.0.0"; port: 3306 180505 16:57:09 [Note] - "0.0.0.0" resolves to "0.0.0.0"; 180505 16:57:09 [Note] Server socket created on IP: "0.0.0.0". 180505 16:57:09 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. Version: "5.5.60" socket: "/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock" port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql -u root mysql **空密码登入** Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.60 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type "help;" or "h" for help. Type "c" to clear the current input statement. mysql> UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD("new password") where USER="root"; **重新设置root密码** Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; **刷新设置** Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye安装PHP环境
开始安装PHP和PHP-FPM
首先安装EPEL。EPEL即Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux的简称,是为企业级Linux提供的一组高质量的额外软件包
yum -y install epel-release
安装PHP和PHP-FPM
yum -y install php php-fpm
查看PHP版本
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# php -v PHP 5.4.16 (cli) (built: Mar 7 2018 13:34:47) Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies
这时发现PHP版本是5.4的,原因是yum默认的epel-release源太低了,而我需要部署的网站是基于Laravel5.5开发的,环境要求:
PHP >= 7.0.0 需要重新安装PHP7
PHP OpenSSL 扩展
PHP PDO 扩展
PHP Mbstring 扩展
PHP Tokenizer 扩展
PHP XML 扩展
删除之前安装的PHP版本
yum remove php* php-common
我们需要更换下rpm源,搜索epel-release源并删除后进行更新
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# rpm -qa | grep epel epel-release-7-11.noarch [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# rpm -e epel-release-7-11.noarch warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.rpmsave [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm Retrieving https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.PHnPwl: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:epel-release-7-5 ################################# [100%] [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm Retrieving https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.ohTozh: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:webtatic-release-7-3 ################################# [100%]
重新安装PHP和一些相关扩展
yum install php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-gd.x86_64 php72w-ldap.x86_64 php72w-mbstring.x86_64 php72w-pdo.x86_64
安装PHP-FPM
yum install php72w-fpm
再次查看PHP版本
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# php -v PHP 7.2.4 (cli) (built: Mar 30 2018 08:49:13) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
启动PHP-FPM
systemctl start php-fpm systemctl enable php-fpm.service **开机自启动**
常用命令:
systemctl start php-fpm # 启动安装Nginxsystemctl stop php-fpm # 停止
systemctl restart php-fpm # 重启
systemctl enable php-fpm #开机自启动
开始安装Nginx
yum install nginx
安装完毕后,启动Nginx
systemctl start nginx systemctl enable nginx **系统启动时自动启动Nginx**
常用命令:
fuser -k 80/tcp # 杀死80端口网站部署 生成秘钥nginx -s stop # 停止
nginx -s reopen # 重启
nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件
ssh-keygen -t rsa
提示一直回车就行,将生成的秘钥添加到项目托管的git库网站上,因为我的网站是放在Coding上,我直接添加在了项目部署秘钥
克隆项目通过 git clone 命令将项目拉取到服务器上,我这边因为是Nginx,所以我拉取到 /var/www/ 目录下,
安装composer[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z project_fjylhjjsyxgs]# curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php All settings correct for using Composer Downloading... Composer (version 1.6.5) successfully installed to: /var/www/project_fjylhjjsyxgs/composer.phar Use it: php composer.phar
移动composer.phar文件到/usr/local/bin目录下 ,使命令全局可用,并更换Packagist中国全量镜像
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com
通过composer安装项目依赖,但是出现了报错
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z project_fjylhjjsyxgs]# composer install Loading composer repositories with package information Installing dependencies (including require-dev) from lock file Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages. Problem 1 - Installation request for phar-io/manifest 1.0.1 -> satisfiable by phar-io/manifest[1.0.1]. - phar-io/manifest 1.0.1 requires ext-dom * -> the requested PHP extension dom is missing from your system. Problem 2 - Installation request for phpunit/php-code-coverage 5.3.0 -> satisfiable by phpunit/php-code-coverage[5.3.0]. - phpunit/php-code-coverage 5.3.0 requires ext-dom * -> the requested PHP extension dom is missing from your system. Problem 3 - Installation request for phpunit/phpunit 6.5.7 -> satisfiable by phpunit/phpunit[6.5.7]. - phpunit/phpunit 6.5.7 requires ext-dom * -> the requested PHP extension dom is missing from your system. Problem 4 - Installation request for theseer/tokenizer 1.1.0 -> satisfiable by theseer/tokenizer[1.1.0]. - theseer/tokenizer 1.1.0 requires ext-dom * -> the requested PHP extension dom is missing from your system. To enable extensions, verify that they are enabled in your .ini files: - /etc/php.ini - /etc/php.d/bz2.ini - /etc/php.d/calendar.ini - /etc/php.d/ctype.ini - /etc/php.d/curl.ini - /etc/php.d/exif.ini - /etc/php.d/fileinfo.ini - /etc/php.d/ftp.ini - /etc/php.d/gd.ini - /etc/php.d/gettext.ini - /etc/php.d/gmp.ini - /etc/php.d/iconv.ini - /etc/php.d/json.ini - /etc/php.d/ldap.ini - /etc/php.d/mbstring.ini - /etc/php.d/pdo.ini - /etc/php.d/pdo_sqlite.ini - /etc/php.d/phar.ini - /etc/php.d/shmop.ini - /etc/php.d/simplexml.ini - /etc/php.d/sockets.ini - /etc/php.d/sqlite3.ini - /etc/php.d/tokenizer.ini - /etc/php.d/xml.ini - /etc/php.d/zip.ini You can also run `php --ini` inside terminal to see which files are used by PHP in CLI mode.
Google后发现,php-xml扩展有以上需要的相关软件包
yum install php72w-xml.x86_64
重新执行composer install命令,依赖下载成功
设置Nginx配置文件我本机homestead中的Nginx是通过 /etc/nginx/sites-available 目录设置对应多域名的nginx配置文件,但是不知道服务器上安装的Nginx,却没有这个目录,所以查看了下Nginx.conf文件,发现http模块中有如下一条配置
本机homestead中Nginx.conf ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; 服务器上安装的Nginx.conf # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
那好吧,我估计sites-available也是软连接的conf.d或者sites-enabled目录吧,所以我就直接将官方手册中Nginx配置复制了一份到/etc/nginx/conf.d/域名.conf,修改了一些配置
server { listen 80; server_name 域名或公网IP; root 项目地址指向到public目录; add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"; index index.html index.htm index.php; charset utf-8; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; } location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; } error_page 404 /index.php; location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock; **这里有个坑下面讲** fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } location ~ /.(?!well-known).* { deny all; } }
配置完毕,保存退出,通过域名访问,发现报502错误,查看下Nginx的错误日志,发现报如下错误
2018/05/06 20:17:37 [crit] 5898#0: *66 connect() to unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream,
简单的讲下,php-fpm.sock文件就是让Nginx和PHP-FPM的进程间进行通信的文件,具体的含义,这边就不做详细介绍了。进这个目录查看下是否存在这个目录或文件,发现两个问题:
目录错误,不是/var/run/php,而是/var/run/php-fpm
php7.2-fpm.sock这个文件未生成
未生成原因:php5.3之后的版本,php-fpm.conf里的listen的默认配置是127.0.0.1:9000,也就是tcp的方式,不会生成php-fpm.sock。
因为这次上线的网站没有什么并发量,unix socket方式要比tcp的方式快而且消耗资源少,所以我还是采用unix socket方式。定位到问题后,修改下 /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf,也就是php-fpm的配置文件,关闭原来的listen方式,然后重启下php-fpm
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php7.2-fpm.sock
这个时候,由于职业习惯,想把Nginx也重启下,然后就又碰到了一个问题
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z project_fjylhjjsyxgs]# nginx -s stop [root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z project_fjylhjjsyxgs]# nginx -s reload nginx: [error] open() "/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
这应该是因为把Nginx进程杀死后pid丢失了,下一次再开启nginx -s reload时无法启动。再次面向Google编程,发现还有挺多人碰到这个问题,所以解决方法马上就能搜索到了,执行如下命令
nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf nginx -s reload
ok,接着Navicat远程连接到服务器数据库,source下数据库完毕。现看起来应该是可以跑起网站来了。再次访问域名,发现还是502,再次查看Nginx日志,报如下错误:
2018/05/06 20:37:00 [crit] 6078#0: *1 connect() to unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php7.2-fpm.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream,
和上面报错看起来差不多,但是这次主要问题出在跑Nginx的用户是Nginx,而php-fpm.sock这个文件,监听的Nginx用户没有该权限,导致Nginx无法访问php-fpm.sock这个文件,自然监听就失去了效果,再次修改php-fpm配置文件和重启下php-fpm
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0660 listen.owner = nginx listen.group = nginx listen.mode = 0660
重新访问下域名,发现访问任何路由都是白屏,这次状态码都是200了,但是没有任何输出,再次面向Google编程……发现问题:
由于nginx与php-fpm之间的一个小bug,会导致这样的现象: 网站中的静态页面 .html 都能正常访问,而 .php 文件虽然会返回200状态码, 但实际输出给浏览器的页面内容却是空白。 简而言之,原因是nginx无法正确的将 *.php 文件的地址传递给php-fpm去解析, 相当于php-fpm接受到了请求,但这请求却指向一个不存在的文件,于是返回空结果。 为了解决这个问题,需要改动nginx默认的fastcgiparams配置文件
在 /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params 文件的最后增加两行:
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
再再再次访问域名,终于正常显示了,但是页面上又出现了新的错误:
could not find driver(select * from users where deleted = 0)
任何有sql查询的页面都报如上错误,这个错误多半是因为pdo_mysql未打开或者未安装此模块造成,执行 php -m 发现还真没装,安装php72w-mysql又遇到一个坑
yum install php72w-mysql
报如下错误,说缺少libmysqlclient.so.18依赖
...... error: package: php72w-mysql requires: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) Available: 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (base) libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) ......
这就很奇怪了,查看用户库文件目录内libmysqlclient.so.18已经存在
[root@iZbp17dq2xryqoixibq5u1Z ~]# ll /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18 libmysqlclient.so.18 libmysqlclient.so.18.1.0
这个坑花了一个小时,Google多次尝试无果后,认真思考下可能的原因,想了想可能是mysql版本的问题,修改下 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 配置文件,将5.6的enabled设为1,5.5设为0,更新Mysql版本后,再次执行 yum install php72w-mysql 安装pdo_mysql模块成功…...
至此,网站访问终于成功!后续的部署优化,另外开篇记录。
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