摘要:支持协议,所以可以很方便的通过编程实现大规模网络的自动化,被大量运用于网络中。流表中,优先级高的优先匹配,并执行匹配规则的。
sdn (software defines network)
看了些相关的资料,这里记录一下自己对sdn的理解,能力有限,如有错误欢迎指正。
sdn软件定义网络,目的是想要利用软件来模拟网络设备,如交换机,路由器之类的。
为什么需要这么做? 一个主要原因是云计算的高速发展,给传统的数据中心带来了更加灵活和复杂的组网需求。
传统网络设备完成数据中心服务器的组网,在此之上,通过sdn来完成虚机和容器之间的连通
ovs (openvSwitch)官方的说法:Open vSwitch是一款高质量的多层虚拟交换机,以开源Apache 2许可证授权,非常适合在虚拟机环境中充当2层交换机。支持多种基于Linux的虚拟化技术,包括Xen / XenServer、KVM和VirtualBox。
支持Open Flow协议,所以可以很方便的通过编程实现大规模网络的自动化,被大量运用于SDN网络中。
架构和原理之类的文章很多,这里就不在一一阐述,本文以实践为主。
安装# 安装docker yum install -y docker-1.13.1 # 预安装 yum -y install wget openssl-devel gcc make python-devel openssl-devel kernel-devel graphviz kernel-debug-devel autoconf automake rpm-build redhat-rpm-config libtool python-twisted-core python-zope-interface PyQt4 desktop-file-utils libcap-ng-devel groff checkpolicy selinux-policy-devel # 安装open vswitch: yum install -y openvswitch-2.8.2-1.el7.x86_64 # 此版本包含ovs-docker systemctl start openvswitch.service systemctl is-active openvswitch systemctl enable openvswitchovs单机连通性
创建容器, 设置net=none可以防止docker0默认网桥影响连通性测试
docker run -itd --name con6 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash docker run -itd --name con7 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash docker run -itd --name con8 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
创建网桥
ovs-vsctl add-br ovs0
使用ovs-docker给容器添加网卡,并挂到ovs0网桥上
ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con6 --ipaddress=192.168.1.2/24 ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con7 --ipaddress=192.168.1.3/24 ovs-docker add-port ovs0 eth0 con8 --ipaddress=192.168.1.4/24
查看网桥
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show 21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09 Bridge "ovs0" Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l" Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l" Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Port "121c6b2f221c4_l" Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l" Port "ovs0" Interface "ovs0" type: internal ovs_version: "2.8.2"
测试连通性
[root@controller /]# docker exec -it con8 sh # ping 192.168.1.2 PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.886 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.886/0.886/0.886/0.000 ms # # ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.712 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.712/0.712/0.712/0.000 ms #设置VLAN tag
查看网桥
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show 21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09 Bridge "ovs0" Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l" Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l" Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Port "121c6b2f221c4_l" Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l" Port "ovs0" Interface "ovs0" type: internal ovs_version: "2.8.2"
查看interface
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface f1c0a9d0994d4_l _uuid : cf400e7c-d2d6-4e0a-ad02-663dd63d1751 admin_state : up duplex : full error : [] external_ids : {container_id="con6", container_iface="eth0"} ifindex : 239 ingress_policing_burst: 0 ingress_policing_rate: 0 lacp_current : [] link_resets : 1 link_speed : 10000000000 link_state : up mac_in_use : "96:91:0a:c9:02:d6" mtu : 1500 mtu_request : [] name : "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" ofport : 3 other_config : {} statistics : {collisions=0, rx_bytes=1328, rx_crc_err=0, rx_dropped=0, rx_errors=0, rx_frame_err=0, rx_over_err=0, rx_packets=18, tx_bytes=3032, tx_dropped=0, tx_errors=0, tx_packets=40} status : {driver_name=veth, driver_version="1.0", firmware_version=""} type : ""
设置vlan tag
ovs-vsctl set port f1c0a9d0994d4_l tag=100 //con6 ovs-vsctl set port b167e3dcf8db4_l tag=100 //con8 ovs-vsctl set port 121c6b2f221c4_l tag=200 //con7
测试连通性
[root@controller /]# docker exec -it con8 sh # # ping 192.168.1.2 -c 3 PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.413 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.061 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2044ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.057/0.177/0.413/0.166 ms # # ping 192.168.1.3 -c 3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.1.4 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2068ms pipe 3 #跨主机连通性 环境
网桥: ovs0 容器: con6 192.168.1.2 con7 192.168.1.3 con8 192.168.1.4
创建方式依上
网桥: ovs1 容器: con11
准备环境
创建网桥 ovs-vsctl add-br ovs1 创建容器 docker run -itd --name con11 --net=none ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 挂到ovs0网桥 ovs-docker add-port ovs1 eth0 con11 --ipaddress=192.168.1.6/24
查看网桥ovs1
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl show 380ce027-8edf-4844-8e89-a6b9c1adaff3 Bridge "ovs1" Port "0384251973e64_l" Interface "0384251973e64_l" Port "ovs1" Interface "ovs1" type: internal ovs_version: "2.8.2"设置vxlan
在host1上
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl add-port ovs0 vxlan1 -- set interface vxlan1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=172.29.101.82 options:key=flow [root@controller /]# [root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show 21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09 Bridge "ovs0" Port "b167e3dcf8db4_l" tag: 100 Interface "b167e3dcf8db4_l" Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" tag: 100 Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Port "121c6b2f221c4_l" tag: 200 Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l" Port "ovs0" Interface "ovs0" type: internal Port "vxlan1" Interface "vxlan1" type: vxlan options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.82"} ovs_version: "2.8.2"
在host2上
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl add-port ovs1 vxlan1 -- set interface vxlan1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=172.29.101.123 options:key=flow [root@compute82 /]# [root@compute82 /]# ovs-vsctl show 380ce027-8edf-4844-8e89-a6b9c1adaff3 Bridge "ovs1" Port "0384251973e64_l" Interface "0384251973e64_l" Port "vxlan1" Interface "vxlan1" type: vxlan options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.123"} Port "ovs1" Interface "ovs1" type: internal ovs_version: "2.8.2"设置vlan tag
ovs-vsctl set port 0384251973e64_l tag=100连通性测试
[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con11 bash root@c82da61bf925:/# ping 192.168.1.2 PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.206 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms root@c82da61bf925:/# root@c82da61bf925:/# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2027ms root@c82da61bf925:/# root@c82da61bf925:/# exit结论
vxlan只能连通两台机器的ovs上同一个网段的容器,无法连通ovs上不同网段的容器。如果需要连通不同网段的容器,接下来我们尝试通过ovs的流表来解决这个问题。
OpenFlow flow table支持openflow的交换机中可能包含多个flow table。每个flow table包含多条规则,每条规则包含匹配条件和执行动作。flow table中的每条规则有优先级,优先级高的优先匹配,匹配到规则以后,执行action,如果匹配失败,按优先级高低,继续匹配下一条。如果都不匹配,每张表会有默认的动作,一般为drop或者转给下一张流表。
实践 环境host1 172.29.101.123
网桥: ovs0 容器: con6 192.168.1.2 tag=100 con7 192.168.1.3 tag=100
host2 172.29.101.82
网桥: ovs1 容器: con9: 192.168.2.2 tag=100 con10:192.168.2.3 tag=100 con11: 192.168.1.5 tag=100查看默认流表
在host1上查看默认流表
[root@controller msxu]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0 cookie=0x0, duration=27858.050s, table=0, n_packets=5253660876, n_bytes=371729202788, priority=0 actions=NORMAL
在容器con6中ping con7,网络连通
[root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.613 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.066 ms --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1058ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.066/0.339/0.613/0.274 ms root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#
删除默认流表
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl del-flows ovs0 [root@controller /]# [root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0 [root@controller /]#
测试网络连通性,发现网络已经不通
[root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1025ms root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#添加流表
如果要con6和con7能够通信,需要建立规则,让ovs转发对应的数据
查看con6和con7在ovs上的网络端口
[root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl show 21e4d4c5-cadd-4dac-b025-c20b8108ad09 Bridge "ovs0" Port "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" tag: 100 Interface "f1c0a9d0994d4_l" Port "121c6b2f221c4_l" tag: 100 Interface "121c6b2f221c4_l" Port "ovs0" Interface "ovs0" type: internal Port "vxlan1" Interface "vxlan1" type: vxlan options: {key=flow, remote_ip="172.29.101.82"} ovs_version: "2.8.2" [root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface f1c0a9d0994d4_l |grep ofport ofport : 3 ofport_request : [] [root@controller /]# [root@controller /]# ovs-vsctl list interface 121c6b2f221c4_l |grep ofport ofport : 4 ofport_request : []
添加规则:
[root@controller /]#ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=1,in_port=3,actions=output:4" [root@controller /]#ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=2,in_port=4,actions=output:3" [root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0 cookie=0x0, duration=60.440s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:"121c6b2f221c4_l" cookie=0x0, duration=50.791s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l" [root@controller /]#
测试连通性:con6和con7已通
[root@controller msxu]# docker exec -ti con6 bash root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.924 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1057ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.058/0.491/0.924/0.433 ms root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#
设置一条优先级高的规则:
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=2,in_port=4,actions=drop" [root@controller /]# [root@controller /]# docker exec -ti con6 bash root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2087ms root@9ccc5c5664f9:/# root@9ccc5c5664f9:/#
流表中的规则是有优先级的,priority数值越大,优先级越高。流表中,优先级高的优先匹配,并执行匹配规则的actions。如果不匹配,继续匹配优先级低的下一条。
跨网段连通在上一个vxlan的实践中,通过设置vxlan可以打通两个机器上的ovs,但我们提到两个机器ovs上的容器得在同一个网段上才能通信。
在ip为192.168.2.2的con9上ping另一台机上的con6 192.168.1.2
[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con9 bash root@b55602aad0ac:/# root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2 connect: Network is unreachable root@b55602aad0ac:/#添加流表规则:
在host1上:
[root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=4,in_port=6,actions=output:3" [root@controller /]# [root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs0 "priority=4,in_port=3,actions=output:6" [root@controller /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs0 cookie=0x0, duration=3228.737s, table=0, n_packets=7, n_bytes=490, priority=1,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:"121c6b2f221c4_l" cookie=0x0, duration=3215.544s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l" cookie=0x0, duration=3168.297s, table=0, n_packets=9, n_bytes=546, priority=2,in_port="121c6b2f221c4_l" actions=drop cookie=0x0, duration=12.024s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=4,in_port=vxlan1 actions=output:"f1c0a9d0994d4_l" cookie=0x0, duration=3.168s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=4,in_port="f1c0a9d0994d4_l" actions=output:vxlan1
在host2上
[root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs1 "priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:6" [root@compute82 /]# [root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl add-flow ovs1 "priority=1,in_port=6,actions=output:1" [root@compute82 /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows ovs1 cookie=0x0, duration=1076.522s, table=0, n_packets=27, n_bytes=1134, priority=1,in_port="0384251973e64_l" actions=output:vxlan1 cookie=0x0, duration=936.403s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=1,in_port=vxlan1 actions=output:"0384251973e64_l" cookie=0x0, duration=70205.443s, table=0, n_packets=7325, n_bytes=740137, priority=0 actions=NORMAL测试连通性
在host2 con9上ping 192.168.1.2
[root@compute82 /]# docker exec -ti con9 bash root@b55602aad0ac:/# root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2 connect: Network is unreachable root@b55602aad0ac:/#
发现网络并不通,查看发现路由规则有问题,添加默认路由规则,注意这里需要已privileged权限进入容器
[root@compute82 /]# docker exec --privileged -ti con9 bash root@b55602aad0ac:/# root@b55602aad0ac:/# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root@b55602aad0ac:/# route add default dev eth0 root@b55602aad0ac:/# root@b55602aad0ac:/# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 root@b55602aad0ac:/#
在host1和host2的容器中都添加好路由规则后,测试连通性
[root@compute82 /]# docker exec --privileged -ti con9 bash root@b55602aad0ac:/# root@b55602aad0ac:/# ping 192.168.1.2 PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.16 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.314 ms ^C --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.314/0.739/1.165/0.426 ms
已成功通过ovs,vxlan打通两台机器上不同网段容器
文章版权归作者所有,未经允许请勿转载,若此文章存在违规行为,您可以联系管理员删除。
转载请注明本文地址:https://www.ucloud.cn/yun/27931.html
摘要:需要修改数据包的二层源目地址以及三层包头的因为路由是逐跳转发的,每一跳都需要做这些工作,即使是现在通过流表转发,中间的转发器直接转发报文,到达倒数第一跳的时候还是需要把数据包的目的地址修改为接受端的地址。 前言 熟悉这款设备的同学,应该也快到不惑之年了吧!这应该是Cisco最古老的路由器了。上个世纪80年代至今,路由交换技术不断发展,但是在这波澜壮阔的变化之中,总有一些东西在嘈杂的机房...
摘要:需要修改数据包的二层源目地址以及三层包头的因为路由是逐跳转发的,每一跳都需要做这些工作,即使是现在通过流表转发,中间的转发器直接转发报文,到达倒数第一跳的时候还是需要把数据包的目的地址修改为接受端的地址。 前言 熟悉这款设备的同学,应该也快到不惑之年了吧!这应该是Cisco最古老的路由器了。上个世纪80年代至今,路由交换技术不断发展,但是在这波澜壮阔的变化之中,总有一些东西在嘈杂的机房...
摘要:需要修改数据包的二层源目地址以及三层包头的因为路由是逐跳转发的,每一跳都需要做这些工作,即使是现在通过流表转发,中间的转发器直接转发报文,到达倒数第一跳的时候还是需要把数据包的目的地址修改为接受端的地址。 前言 熟悉这款设备的同学,应该也快到不惑之年了吧!这应该是Cisco最古老的路由器了。上个世纪80年代至今,路由交换技术不断发展,但是在这波澜壮阔的变化之中,总有一些东西在嘈杂的机房...
摘要:在实践中,我们开发并上线了网关和负载均衡网关。而负载均衡网关则支持无缝替换传统交换机实现网关集群,支持一致性,并支持根据任意字段,内存和端口来计算哈希,支持协议。网络作为信息时代的重要载体,在云服务的快速发展下形成了独具特色的虚拟网络服务架构和模式。12月19日,2020中国云网络峰会于北京顺利召开,会上UCloud虚拟网络VPC负责人陈煌栋给大家带来了演讲《UCloud VPC技术演进之路...
摘要:每个节点的网桥使用一个子网,每个容器使用一个子网内的,那么我们就可以组成下图中所示网络。到此,在的协调下,各个主机上的子网就不会再冲突了,另外,会维护容器网络的路由规则,容器就可以通过访问容器了,也就实现了跨主机容器互联。 当您将多台服务器节点组成一个Docker集群时,需要对集群网络进行设置,否则默认情况下,无法跨主机容器互联,接下来我们首先分析一下原因。 跨主机容器互联 下图描述了...
阅读 1778·2021-11-11 11:02
阅读 1680·2021-09-22 15:55
阅读 2486·2021-09-22 15:18
阅读 3489·2019-08-29 11:26
阅读 3744·2019-08-26 13:43
阅读 2647·2019-08-26 13:32
阅读 899·2019-08-26 10:55
阅读 966·2019-08-26 10:27