搭建lnmp环境

摘要：和的问题连接数据库有两种方式一般理解的端口的那种和套接字一般叫或者。解决首先要看本机的套接字文件在哪里，查看命令是输出结果显示套接字文件的位置，比如这台服务器显示的是然后修改的配置文件与之对应起来就好了。

操作系统:linux Mint 18.2

编译安装php7.2

1.先安装编译工具
    sudo apt install gcc  automake autoconf libtool g++ 
    #在centos下，是yum install gcc automake autoconf libtool gcc-c++
2.安装基础库
    sudo apt install libxml2-dev openssl libssl-dev curl libcurl4-gnutls-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev libmcrypt4 libmcrypt-dev
    #在centos下:yum install gd zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel
2.下载php7.2.tar.gz源码
3.解压 tar -xzvf php7.2.tar.gz

4.编译安装

   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7/ 
--with-pcre-regex=/opt/pcre-8.39/ 
--with-pcre-dir=/opt/pcre-8.39/ 
--with-openssl-dir=/opt/openssl-1.0.2h/ 
--with-openssl=/opt/openssl-1.0.2h/ 
--with-zlib-dir=/opt/zlib-1.2.8/ 
--with-zlib=/opt/zlib-1.2.8/ 
--with-curl=/opt/curl-7.50.1/ 
--with-mcrypt=/opt/libmcrypt-2.5.7/ 
--with-bz2 
--with-ldap=/opt/openldap-2.4.30/ 
--with-gd 
--with-pdo-mysql=shared,mysqlnd 
--with-freetype-dir 
--with-jpeg-dir 
--with-png-dir 
--with-gettext 
--with-iconv-dir 
--with-kerberos 
--with-libxml-dir 
--with-mhash 
--with-zlib-dir 
--without-pdo-sqlite 
--with-pear 
--with-xmlrpc 
--with-xsl 
--enable-opcache 
--enable-soap 
--enable-sockets 
--enable-sysvsem 
--enable-xml 
--enable-bcmath 
--enable-libxml 
--enable-inline-optimization 
--enable-mbregex 
--enable-zip 
--enable-ftp 
--enable-fpm 
--enable-mbstring 
--enable-gd-native-ttf 
--enable-gd-jis-conv 
--enable-calendar 
--enable-fpm 
--enable-pcntl 
--enable-shmop 
--enable-exif 
--enable-pcntl 
--enable-wddx 
--enable-intl 
--enable-libgcc

./buildconf
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --exec-prefix=/usr/local/php7 --bindir=/usr/local/php7/bin --sbindir=/usr/local/php7/sbin --includedir=/usr/local/php7/include --libdir=/usr/local/php7/lib/php --mandir=/usr/local/php7/php/man --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --with-mcrypt=/usr/include --with-mhash --with-openssl --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-zip --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop  --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-curl --with-openssl --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-opcache --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --without-gdbm --enable-fileinfo --enable-sysvsem  --enable-sysvshm  --enable-sysvmsg --enable-pcntl --enable-maintainer-zts --enable-pthreads

configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-mcrypt, --with-mhash--with-openssl, --enable-gd-native-ttf, --enable-pthreads

Please check your libxml2 installation

然后修改fpm配置文件
cd /usr/local/php7/etc
sudo cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
但是执行php-fpm时报错:
../sbin/php-fpm
[23-Jul-2017 15:24:07] WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern "/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" from /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.
[23-Jul-2017 15:24:07] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
[23-Jul-2017 15:24:07] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
[23-Jul-2017 15:24:07] ERROR: FPM initialization failed

添加用户和用户组(ubuntu,mint)
sudo addgroup www
sudo adduser www
对deepin 来说 sudo adduser www 就可以创建www用户和www用户组了。
然后改变php目录的用户和用户组
sudo chown -R www:www /usr/local/php7/
拷贝源码中的php.ini-develop文件到/usr/local/php7/etc/php.ini
把/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default 复制为php-fpm.conf
把/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default 复制为www.conf

然后再执行php-fpm
sudo ./php-fpm
执行成功，ps axu | grep php如下：

wm@wm-Lenovo /usr/local/php7/sbin $ ps axu | grep php
root     11492  0.0  0.1 177576 11420 ?        Ss   15:40   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
www      11493  0.0  0.1 177576  8748 ?        S    15:40   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www      11494  0.0  0.1 177576  8744 ?        S    15:40   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
wm       11496  0.0  0.0  15964  1016 pts/1    S+   15:41   0:00 grep --color=auto php

nginx编译安装
1.下载nginx源码，并解压
2.下载zlib和pcre源码，并解压。
3.configure的参数，参考nginx官方

./configure
    --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
    --with-http_ssl_module
    --with-pcre=../pcre-8.40
    --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
    --user=www
    --group=www

make && make install
与php安装一样，也修改/usr/local/nginx的用户和用户组为www:www

mysql编译安装

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=471659
-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz
编译安装需要参考如下：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-installation.html
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/installing-source-distribution.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/goozgk/p/5645041.html

# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql /mydata/data
# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -g mysql -r -d /data/mydata mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql /mydata/data

# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.13.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.7.13
# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data 
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
-DWITH_READLINE=1 
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock 
-DWITH_SSL=system 
-DWITH_ZLIB=system 
-DWITH_BOOST=/home/alex/Downloads/boost_1_59_0 
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

如果编译出现各种奇葩失败问题，干脆 sudo apt-get install mysql-server 得了。

localhost 和127.0.0.1的问题
连接MySQL数据库有两种方式：TCP/IP（一般理解的端口的那种）和Unix套接字（一般叫socket或者sock）。大部分情况下，可以用localhost代表本机127.0.0.1，但是在MySQL连接时，二者不可混用，而且MySQL中权限设置中localhost与127.0.0.1也是分开设置的。当设置为127.0.0.1时，系统通过TCP/IP方式连接数据库；当设置为localhost时，系统通过socket方式连接数据库。
解决：首先要看本机MySQL的socket套接字文件在哪里，查看命令是：
mysqld --verbose --help | grep socket
输出结果显示套接字文件的位置，比如：这台服务器显示的是
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
然后修改php的配置文件php.ini与之对应起来就好了。
找到这一项：
mysql.default_socket =
一般来说这一项都是空的，改成：
mysql.default_socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
这里应写上一步查询到的文件，根据你的情况设置。至此php配置就修改好了，如果是CLI（命令行）方式或者CGI方式的话，立即就生效，如果是FASTCGI方式，需要重启一下fastcgi进程。

php-fpm服务启动脚本
先创建自启动文件：/etc/init.d/php-fpm
内容如下：

#! /bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          php-fpm
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $network
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $network
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts php-fpm
# Description:       starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
### END INIT INFO

prefix=/usr/local/php
exec_prefix=${prefix}

php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid


php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF --pid $php_fpm_PID"


wait_for_pid () {
    try=0

    while test $try -lt 35 ; do

        case "$1" in
            "created")
            if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
                try=""
                break
            fi
            ;;

            "removed")
            if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
                try=""
                break
            fi
            ;;
        esac

        echo -n .
        try=`expr $try + 1`
        sleep 1

    done

}

case "$1" in
    start)
        echo -n "Starting php-fpm "

        $php_fpm_BIN --daemonize $php_opts

        if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
            echo " failed"
            exit 1
        fi

        wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID

        if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
            echo " failed"
            exit 1
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
    ;;

    stop)
        echo -n "Gracefully shutting down php-fpm "

        if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
            echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
            exit 1
        fi

        kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`

        wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID

        if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
            echo " failed. Use force-quit"
            exit 1
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
    ;;

    status)
        if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
            echo "php-fpm is stopped"
            exit 0
        fi

        PID=`cat $php_fpm_PID`
        if ps -p $PID | grep -q $PID; then
            echo "php-fpm (pid $PID) is running..."
        else
            echo "php-fpm dead but pid file exists"
        fi
    ;;

    force-quit)
        echo -n "Terminating php-fpm "

        if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
            echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
            exit 1
        fi

        kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`

        wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID

        if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
            echo " failed"
            exit 1
        else
            echo " done"
        fi
    ;;

    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
    ;;

    reload)

        echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "

        if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
            echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
            exit 1
        fi

        kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`

        echo " done"
    ;;

    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status}"
        exit 1
    ;;

esac

修改php-fpm的权限，设置启动

# 设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# php-fpm加入服务
chkconfig --add php-fpm 
# php-fpm 234级别下设置为启动
chkconfig php-fpm on
# 查看php-fpm服务当前配置
chkconfig --list php-fpm
php-fpm         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

如果是ubuntu下( chkconfig 已经不能在ubuntu下使用，应该:)
# 设置权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
sudo update-rc.d php-fpm defaults

// 添加
update-rc.d ServiceName defaults
// 删除
update-rc.d ServiceName remove

最后应该是sudo service php-fpm force-stop一下，不然直接service php-fpm restart 可能会报错：

service 控制nginx

#!/bin/sh  
  
### BEGIN INIT INFO  
# Provides:    nginx  
# Required-Start:  
# Required-Stop:  
# Default-Start:        2 3 4 5  
# Default-Stop:        0 1 6  
# Short-Description: nginx  
# Description: nginx server  
### END INIT INFO  
  
. /lib/lsb/init-functions  # ubuntu
# . /etc/lib/functions # centos
  
PROGRAM=/usr/local/nginx/nginx  
  
  
test -x $PROGRAM || exit 0  
  
case "$1" in  
  start)  
    log_begin_msg "Starting Nginx server"  
    /usr/local/nginx/nginx  
    log_end_msg 0  
    ;;  
  stop)  
    PID=`cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`  
    log_begin_msg "Stopping Nginx server"  
    if [ ! -z "$PID" ]; then  
        kill -15 $PID  
    fi  
    log_end_msg 0  
    ;;  
  restart)  
    $0 stop  
    $0 start  
    ;;  
  *)  
    log_success_msg "Usage: service nginx {start|stop|restart}"  
    exit 1  
esac  
  
exit 0