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postgresql10主备流复制测试

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postgresql10主备流复制测试

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 环  境 



主机操作系统IP数据库
postgresql1Red Hat Enterprise 6.5192.168.20.101PostgreSQL10.0
postgresql2Red Hat Enterprise 6.5192.168.20.102PostgreSQL10.0



 安装PostgreSQL 


1. 检查依赖包

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})
" | grep -E "perl-ExtUtils-Embed|readline-
devel|zlib-devel|pam-devel|libxml2-devel|libxslt-devel|openldap-devel|
python-devel|gcc-c++|openssl-devel|cmake|readline|openssl|zlib"
2. yum源配置
vi source.repo
[rhel-source-beta]
name=Source
baseurl=file:///media
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
3. 安装依赖包
yum install -y readline-devel zlib-devel pam-devel libxml2-
devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel python-devel gcc-c++ openssl-devel cmake
4. 创建用户及目录
groupadd -g 1000 postgres
useradd -u 1100 -g postgres -G postgres -d /home/postgres postgres

mkdir -p /pgadmin/pg_data
mkdir -p /pgadmin/postgres10

chown -R postgres:postgres /pgadmin/pg_data
chown -R postgres:postgres /pgadmin/postgres10
5. 编译安装
--下载源码包postgresql-10.0.tar.gz上传到服务器：
cp postgresql-10.0.tar.gz /tmp/soft
tar -xvf postgresql-10.0.tar.gz
--编译安装：
cd postgresql-10.0
./configure --prefix=/pgadmin/postgres10

make world
make install-world
--日志：
./configure --prefix=/pgadmin/postgres10
make word
make install-world

6. 初始化数据库

--初始化（密码：postgres）：

mkdir -p /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/{data,backups,scripts,archive_wals}
/pgadmin/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/ -W
--日志：
[postgres@postgresql2 ~]$ /pgadmin/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/ -W
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

Enter new superuser password:
Enter it again:

fixing permissions on existing directory /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

/pgadmin/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/ -l logfile start

[postgres@postgresql2 ~]$

7. 创建软连接

ln -s /pgadmin/postgres10 /pgadmin/pgsql

8. 配置环境变量

如果不配置PGHOST，后面通过psql登陆会报错。
export PGSQL_HOME=/pgadmin/pgsql
export PGHOST=/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$PGSQL_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PGSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PGDATA=/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data

9. 配置互信

--在两个节点执行：

mkdir /home/postgres/.ssh
chmod 600 /home/postgres/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t dsa
ssh-keygen -t rsa
cd /home/postgres/.ssh
cat id_dsa.pub > authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

--在node1执行：

ssh postgresql2 cat /home/postgres/.ssh/authorized_keys >>authorized_keys
scp authorized_keys postgresql2:/home/postgres/.ssh/

10. 修改配置文件

cd /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data
cp   pg_hba.conf  pg_hba.conf20200904
vi pg_hba.conf（增加如下信息）
host all all  0.0.0.0/0  md5


vi postgresql.conf
#添加如下内容
listen_addresses = *
port = 5432
superuser_reserved_connections = 20
unix_socket_directories = /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data
unix_socket_permissions = 0700
tcp_keepalives_idle = 60
tcp_keepalives_interval = 10
tcp_keepalives_count = 10
vacuum_cost_delay = 10
bgwriter_delay = 10ms
synchronous_commit = off
#checkpoint_segments = 8
wal_writer_delay = 10ms
log_destination = csvlog
logging_collector = on
log_directory = pg_log
log_filename =postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log
log_file_mode = 0600
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 10MB


pg_ctl start 启动数据库
pg_ctl -m fast stop 停止数据库
pg_ctl restart 重启数据库

ps -ef | grep postgres 数据库服务是否正常启动
psql -h 127.0.0.1 -d postgres -U postgres 登录数据库测试
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ pg_ctl start
pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
waiting for server to start....2020-09-04 02:04:48.182 GMT [3524] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2020-09-04 02:04:48.182 GMT [3524] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2020-09-04 02:04:48.186 GMT [3524] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-09-04 02:04:48.222 GMT [3524] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2020-09-04 02:04:48.222 GMT [3524] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
done
server started
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ ps -ef|grep postgres
root 3465  2596  0 09:59 pts/0    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres 3466  3465  0 09:59 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
postgres 3524     1  0 10:04 pts/0    00:00:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 3525  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 3527  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 3528  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 3529  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 3530  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 3531  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 3532  3524  0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher
postgres 3533  3466  7 10:04 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres 3534  3466  0 10:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ pg_ctl -m fast stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ pg_ctl restart
pg_ctl: PID file "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/postmaster.pid" does not exist
Is server running?
starting server anyway
waiting for server to start....2020-09-04 02:05:25.327 GMT [3538] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2020-09-04 02:05:25.327 GMT [3538] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2020-09-04 02:05:25.330 GMT [3538] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-09-04 02:05:25.336 GMT [3538] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2020-09-04 02:05:25.336 GMT [3538] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
done
server started
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ ps -ef | grep postgres
root 3465  2596  0 09:59 pts/0    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres 3466  3465  0 09:59 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
postgres 3538     1  0 10:05 pts/0    00:00:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 3539  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 3541  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 3542  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 3543  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 3544  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 3545  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 3546  3538  0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher
postgres 3547  3466  2 10:05 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres 3548  3466  0 10:05 pts/0    00:00:00 grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -d postgres -U postgres
psql (10.0)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

11. 新创建postgresql用户

create role cyl superuser;
alter role cyl password cyl;
alter role cyl login;

--创建。



 postgressql流复制配置 


1. 主节点配置准备工作

cd $PGDATA
vi pg_hba.conf

--添加如下内容：

host replication replica 0.0.0.0/0               md5
vi postgresql.conf
--添加如下内容：
listen_addresses = *
port = 5432
max_connections = 500
--然后重启一下数据库就可以正常使用了，至此前期准备工作已经完成。
pg_ctl start 启动数据库。

2. 主库配置

2.1 修改postgresql.conf，在文件末尾增加以下属性：

vi postgresql.conf

--接着在文件末尾添加如下：

wal_level = hot_standby
checkpoint_segments = 16
checkpoint_timeout = 5min
archive_mode = on
max_wal_senders = 3
wal_keep_segments = 16

wal_level = hot_standby
--这个是设置主为wal的主机。
max_wal_senders = 3
--这个设置了可以最多有几个流复制连接，差不多有几个从，就设置几个。
wal_keep_segments = 16
--设置流复制保留的最多的xlog数目。
checkpoint_segments = 16
--WAL log的最大数量，系统默认值是3。超过该数量的WAL日志，会自动触发checkpoint。
checkpoint_timeout=5min
--系统自动执行checkpoint之间的最大时间间隔。系统默认值是5分钟。
--重启报错，将刚才的文件postgresql.conf中的checkpoint_segments这行注释掉。

2.2 创建具有replication的权限用户

暂时还没研究透这个用户的作用
su - postgresql
psql -h 127.0.0.1 -d postgres -U postgres 登录数据库
create role replica login replication encrypted password replica; 创建用户
2.3 配置密码文件
cd /home/postgresql
vi .pgpass
#主数据库IP:主数据库端口号:replication:replica:replica
192.168.20.101:5432:replica:replica
chmod 400 .pgpass
#重启数据库
pg_ctl restart

3. 备库配置

3.1 停止备库的PostgreSQL服务

pg_ctl stop

3.2 mv备库之前的数据文件
mv /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data_bak
3.3 从主库上恢复数据
pg_basebackup -D $PGDATA -F p -X stream -v -P -h 192.168.20.101 -U cyl
--报错：
--在主节点的pg_hba.conf中加入如下内容：
host   replication cyl 0.0.0.0/0               md5
--重新执行pg_basebackup，成功。
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$ pg_basebackup -D $PGDATA -F p -X stream -v -P -h 192.168.20.101 -U cyl
pg_basebackup: could not connect to server: FATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for replication connection from host "192.168.20.102", user "cyl"
pg_basebackup: removing contents of data directory "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data"
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$ pg_basebackup -D $PGDATA -F p -X stream -v -P -h 192.168.20.101 -U cyl
Password:
pg_basebackup: initiating base backup, waiting for checkpoint to complete
WARNING: skipping special file "./.s.PGSQL.5432"
pg_basebackup: checkpoint completed
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log start point: 0/2000028 on timeline 1
pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver
WARNING: skipping special file "./.s.PGSQL.5432"/10.0/data/backup_label)
31296/31296 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace
pg_basebackup: write-ahead log end point: 0/20000F8
pg_basebackup: waiting for background process to finish streaming ...
pg_basebackup: base backup completed
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$
3.4 修改postgresql.conf
#添加
cd $PGDATA
vi postgresql.conf
hot_standby = on
3.5 增加recovery.conf文件
vi recovery.conf
standby_mode = on
recovery_target_timeline = latest
primary_conninfo = host=192.168.20.101 port=5432 user=cyl password=cyl

赋予权限
chmod 755 recovery.conf
3.6 启动数据库
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2020-09-04 03:11:25.151 GMT [11232] FATAL: data directory "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data" has group or world access
2020-09-04 03:11:25.151 GMT [11232] DETAIL: Permissions should be u=rwx (0700).
stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$
--启动时出现报错，data目录权限错误，需要修改成700。

[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$ ls -trl
total 20
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 scripts
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 backups
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 archive_wals
drwx------. 20 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:37 data_bak
drwxrwxr-x. 20 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 11:08 data
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$ chmod 700 data
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$ ls -trl
total 20
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 scripts
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 backups
drwxrwxr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:12 archive_wals
drwx------. 20 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 10:37 data_bak
drwx------. 20 postgres postgres 4096 Sep 4 11:08 data
[postgres@postgresql2 10.0]$


--修改权限后正常拉起数据库。


[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2020-09-04 03:12:29.191 GMT [11242] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2020-09-04 03:12:29.191 GMT [11242] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2020-09-04 03:12:29.195 GMT [11242] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-09-04 03:12:29.221 GMT [11242] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2020-09-04 03:12:29.221 GMT [11242] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
done
server started
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ ps -aux | grep postgres
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus -? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 10971  0.0  0.1 163748  2012 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 10972  0.0  0.1 108472  1972 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 -bash
root 11148  0.0  0.1 163748  2008 pts/1    S 10:59   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 11149  0.0  0.0 108340  1824 pts/1    S+ 10:59   0:00 -bash
postgres 11242  0.0  0.9 152440 18452 pts/0    S 11:12   0:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 11243  0.0  0.0 117072   884 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 11244  0.0  0.0 152560  1692 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: startup process waiting for 000000010000000000000003
postgres 11245  0.0  0.0 152440  1108 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 11246  0.2  0.0 152440  1092 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 11247  0.0  0.0 119168   836 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 11279 10.0  0.0 110236  1148 pts/0    R+ 11:14   0:00 ps -aux
postgres 11280  0.0  0.0 103252   836 pts/0    S+ 11:14   0:00 grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$

4. 主备验证

4.1 进程验证

--在主库的服务器上输入命令，会看到多出一个wal sender process的进程：
＃ps -aux | grep postgres
＃ps -aux | grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql1 data]$ ps -aux | grep postgres
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus -? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 3614  0.0  0.0 163748  2004 pts/0    S 10:21   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 3615  0.0  0.0 108440  1892 pts/0    S 10:21   0:00 -bash
postgres 3870  0.0  0.4 152440 18468 pts/0    S 11:03   0:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 3871  0.0  0.0 117072   884 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 3873  0.0  0.0 152708  3132 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 3874  0.3  0.0 152572  1588 ? Ss 11:03   1:07 postgres: writer process
postgres 3875  0.0  0.0 152440  1496 ? Ss 11:03   0:02 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 3876  0.0  0.0 153204  2028 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 3877  0.0  0.0 119168   956 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: archiver process
postgres 3878  0.0  0.0 119300  1100 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 3879  0.0  0.0 153044  1680 ? Ss 11:03   0:00 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher
root 4009  0.0  0.0 163748  2008 pts/1    S 11:23   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 4010  0.0  0.0 108340  1892 pts/1    S 11:23   0:00 -bash
postgres 4050  0.0  0.0 153724  2904 ? Ss 11:29   0:00 postgres: wal sender process cyl 192.168.20.102(34150) streaming 0/3104F00
postgres 5058  0.0  0.0 117304  1756 pts/0    S+ 15:46   0:00 psql
postgres 5059  0.0  0.0 153732  2936 ? Ss 15:46   0:00 postgres: postgres postgres [local] idle
postgres 5510  7.0  0.0 110240  1148 pts/1    R+ 17:11   0:00 ps -aux
postgres 5511  0.0  0.0 103252   836 pts/1    S+ 17:11   0:00 grep postgres
--在备库的服务器上输入命令，会看到多出一个 wal receiver process 的进程：
＃ps -aux | grep postgres

＃ps -aux | grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ ps -aux | grep postgres
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus -? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 10971  0.0  0.1 163748  2012 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 10972  0.0  0.1 108472  1972 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 -bash
root 11148  0.0  0.1 163748  2008 pts/1    S 10:59   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 11149  0.0  0.0 108340  1824 pts/1    S+ 10:59   0:00 -bash
postgres 11242  0.0  0.9 152440 18452 pts/0    S 11:12   0:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 11243  0.0  0.0 117072   884 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 11244  0.0  0.0 152560  1692 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: startup process waiting for 000000010000000000000003
postgres 11245  0.0  0.0 152440  1108 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 11246  0.2  0.0 152440  1092 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 11247  0.0  0.0 119168   836 ? Ss 11:12   0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 11279 10.0  0.0 110236  1148 pts/0    R+ 11:14   0:00 ps -aux
postgres 11280  0.0  0.0 103252   836 pts/0    S+ 11:14   0:00 grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$

--无wal receiver process 进程，经核查recovery.conf用户名写错，修改recovery.conf后，重启数据库。

[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ cat recovery.conf
standby_mode = on
recovery_target_timeline = latest
primary_conninfo = host=192.168.20.101 port=5432 user=cyl password=cyl
[postgres@postgresql2 data]
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ pg_ctl restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start....2020-09-04 03:17:00.052 GMT [11319] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2020-09-04 03:17:00.052 GMT [11319] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2020-09-04 03:17:00.055 GMT [11319] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-09-04 03:17:00.070 GMT [11319] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2020-09-04 03:17:00.070 GMT [11319] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".
done
server started
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$ ps -aux | grep postgres
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus -? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 10971  0.0  0.1 163748  2012 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 10972  0.0  0.1 108472  1972 pts/0    S 10:22   0:00 -bash
root 11148  0.0  0.1 163748  2008 pts/1    S 10:59   0:00 su - postgres
postgres 11149  0.0  0.0 108340  1824 pts/1    S+ 10:59   0:00 -bash
postgres 11319  0.0  0.9 152440 18456 pts/0    S 11:16   0:00 /pgadmin/postgres10/bin/postgres
postgres 11320  0.0  0.0 117072   888 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: logger process
postgres 11321  0.0  0.0 152560  1648 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: startup process recovering 000000010000000000000003
postgres 11322  0.0  0.0 152440  1116 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 11323  0.2  0.0 152440  1100 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 11324  0.0  0.0 119168   844 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 11325  0.1  0.1 156820  1948 ? Ss 11:16   0:00 postgres: wal receiver process streaming 0/3000140
postgres 11326  0.0  0.0 110236  1148 pts/0    R+ 11:17   0:00 ps -aux
postgres 11327  0.0  0.0 103252   836 pts/0    S+ 11:17   0:00 grep postgres
[postgres@postgresql2 data]$

4.2 主库上创建一个用户和数据库验证

--备库核查：
核查发现备库已经crash，重启报错。
根据报错日志查看是因为备库主机没有/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/tbs_pgtest目录导致，备库手动创建目录，重新拉起数据库。
--拉起数据库后可以看到，mytestdb1已经同步到备库。
[postgres@postgresql2 pg_log]$ more postgresql-2020-09-04_032720.csv
2020-09-04 03:27:20.478 GMT,,,11358,,5f51b418.2c5e,1,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"ending log output to stderr",,"Future log output will go to log destination ""csvlog"".",,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.554 GMT,,,11360,,5f51b418.2c60,1,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system was interrupted while in recovery at log time 2020-09-04 03:08:46 GMT",,"If this has occurred more t
han once some data might be corrupted and you might need to choose an earlier recovery target.",,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.579 GMT,,,11360,,5f51b418.2c60,2,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"entering standby mode",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.581 GMT,,,11360,,5f51b418.2c60,3,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,1/0,0,LOG,00000,"redo starts at 0/3000060",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.581 GMT,,,11360,,5f51b418.2c60,4,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,1/0,0,LOG,00000,"consistent recovery state reached at 0/3000108",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.581 GMT,,,11360,,5f51b418.2c60,5,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,1/0,0,FATAL,58P01,"directory ""/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/tbs_pgtest"" does not exist",,"Create this directory for the tablespace
before restarting the server.",,,"WAL redo at 0/30012D8 for Tablespace/CREATE: 32784 ""/pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/tbs_pgtest""",,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.585 GMT,,,11358,,5f51b418.2c5e,2,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system is ready to accept read only connections",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.587 GMT,,,11358,,5f51b418.2c5e,3,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"startup process (PID 11360) exited with exit code 1",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.587 GMT,,,11358,,5f51b418.2c5e,4,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"terminating any other active server processes",,,,,,,,,""
2020-09-04 03:27:20.589 GMT,,,11358,,5f51b418.2c5e,5,,2020-09-04 03:27:20 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system is shut down",,,,,,,,,""
[postgres@postgresql2 pg_log]$ mkdir -p /pgadmin/pg_data/10.0/data/tbs_pgtest
[postgres@postgresql2 pg_log]$

4.3 主库上创建表录入数据验证

--主库操作：
create table test_1(id int4,name text,create_time timestamp without time zone default clock_timestamp());
alter table test_1 add primary key (id);
insert into test_1(id,name)
select n,n ||_francs
from generate_series(1,5000) n;
select * from test_1 limit 10;

--备库查看：

4.4 备库上删除表操作验证

可以看到备库无法进行写操作。
PostgreSQL在9.0之后引入了主备流复制机制，通过流复制，备库不断的从主库同步相应的数据，并在备库apply每个WAL record，这里的流复制每次传输单位是WAL日志的record。
而PostgreSQL9.0之前提供的方法是主库写完一个WAL日志文件后，才把WAL日志文件传送到备库，这样的方式导致主备延迟特别大。同时PostgreSQL9.0之后提供了Hot Standby，备库在应用WAL record的同时也能够提供只读服务。



本文作者：汤杰

本文来源：IT那活儿（上海新炬王翦团队）


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