Python接口测试之requests

1.简介

requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

2.前提

要下载requests

pip install requests

3.Get请求

1.无参数请求

r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

2.有参数请求

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)

案例：

import requestsclass UseRequest():    # get传参的第一种方式    def GetMethod(self):        r=requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107"                       "de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")        print(r.text)    # get传参的第二种方式    def GetMethod1(self):        params = {"type": "guonei", "key": "4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}        r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index", params=params)        print(r)u=UseRequest()u.GetMethod()u.GetMethod1()

4.Post请求

类似python中的表单提交

 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)

案例:

import requestsclass UseRequest():    # post传参的方式    def PostMethod(self):        params = {"type": "guonei", "key": "4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}        r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index", data=params)        print(r.status_code)        # return r.status_codeu=UseRequest()u.PostMethod()

5.requests响应

print(r.status_code)  # 响应状态码print(r.headers)  # 响应头print(r.cookies)  # 响应cookieprint(r.text)  #响应文本print(r.encoding)  # 当前编码print(r.content)  #以字节形式（二进制）返回

最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断

6.requests扩充

1：添加等待时间requests.get(url,timeout=1)          #超过等待时间则报错2：添加请求头信息requests.get(url,headers=headers)    #设置请求头3：添加文件requests.post(url, files=files)      #添加文件

文件传输

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)

7.requests+pytest+allure

流程如下

读取文件中的数据requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比生成allure的测试报告

读取csv文件流程

1.存储数据

2.读取数据

import csvclass ReadCsv():    def readCsv(self):        item = []        rr = csv.reader(open("../data/test_csv.csv"))        for csv_i in rr:            item.append(csv_i)        del item[0]        return itemr=ReadCsv()print(r.readCsv())

3.requests请求接口返回状态码

import requestsfrom readdata.readcsv import ReadCsvr=ReadCsv()lists=r.readCsv()items=[]class RequestsClass():    def requestMethod(self):        for i in lists:            if i[2]=='get':                r=requests.get(i[0],params=i[1])                items.append(r.status_code)            else:                r = requests.post(i[0], data=i[1])                items.append(r.status_code)        return itemsreq=RequestsClass()print(req.requestMethod())

4.pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import pytest,osfrom requestsdemo.requestcsv import RequestsClassr=RequestsClass()rr=r.requestMethod()class TestRequestsClass():    def testCsv(self):        for i in rr:            assert i==200if __name__ == '__main__':    pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_csv.py'])    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'    os.system(split)

5.测试报告展示

读取excel文件流程

1.存储数据

2.读取数据

from openpyxl import load_workbookclass UseExcel():    def get_TestExcel(self):        # 打开表        workbook = load_workbook('../data/test_exc.xlsx')        # 定位表单        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']        print(sheet.max_row)     #3 行        print(sheet.max_column)  #3 列        test_data = []#把所有行的数据放到列表中        for i in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):            sub_data = {}#把每行的数据放到字典中            for j in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):                sub_data[sheet.cell(1,j).value] = sheet.cell(i,j).value            test_data.append(sub_data)#拼接每行单元格的数据        return test_datat = UseExcel()f = t.get_TestExcel()print(f)

3.requests请求接口返回状态码

import requestsfrom readdata.readexcel import UseExcelu=UseExcel()lists=u.get_TestExcel()items=[]class RequestsExcClass():    def requestExcMethod(self):        for i in lists:            if i.get('method')=='get':                r=requests.get(i['url'],params=i['params'])                items.append(r.status_code)            else:                r = requests.post(i['url'], data=i['params'])                items.append(r.status_code)        return itemsr=RequestsExcClass()print(r.requestExcMethod())

4.pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import pytest,osfrom requestsdemo.requestexc import RequestsExcClassr=RequestsExcClass()lists=r.requestExcMethod()class TestRequestsClass():    def testMethod(self):        for i in lists:            assert i==200if __name__ == '__main__':    # 生成测试报告json    pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_exc.py'])    # 将测试报告转为html格式    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'    os.system(split)

5.测试报告展示